1. ORGANIC MOLECULES
CARBOHYDRATES

2. CARBOHYDRATE-RICH FOODS
White flour
Oatmeal
Pasta
Potato / Yam
Brown rice
Corn
Beans
Bagel
Wholegrain cereals
Fruits and Fruit juice
Candies
Cookies

3. CARBOHYDRATES Made of: C, H, O Monomer (Subunit): monosaccharide
Functions:
Short term energy storage
Makes up cell walls of plants

4. 3 TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
“Saccharide” = “sugar”
“mono” = “one”
“di” = “two”
“poly” = “many”

5. MONOSACCHARIDES Smallest carbohydrate
All have C6H12O6 chemical formula, but the structure is different (isomers)
Three important monosaccharides:
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

6. STRUCTURE OF MONOSACCHARIDES
Galactose H

7. Two monosaccharides bonded together. Three important disaccharides:
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

8. STRUCTURE OF DISACCHARIDES

9. POLYSACCHARIDES Many monosaccharides bonded together
Also called “complex carbohydrates”
Three important polysaccharides:
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

10. STRUCTURE OF POLYSACCHARIDES

11. STARCH Function: energy for plants
Structure: slightly branched chain of glucose molecules
Found in:
Rice
Wheat
Corn
Potatoes

12. GLYCOGEN Function: energy for animals
Structure: highly branched chain of glucose molecules
Found in: Muscle and liver cells

13. CELLULOSE
Function: forms the cell walls of plants and gives structural support
Structure: Straight chains of glucose molecules
Found in:
wood
paper
(any part of a plant)
Humans cannot digest cellulose
Some animals have bacteria in their digestive systems to help digest it