1. Cell Structure & Function

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

5. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

6. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

7. Cell Organelles

8. Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer

9. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
Made out of Cellulose

10. Nucleus Separated from Directs cell activities
cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material – DNA
Only found in Eukaryotic cells

11. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

12. Nuclear pores
Openings for
substances
leaving and
entering
nucleus

13. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

14. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

15. DNA (chromatin) DNA & proteins Contains the genetic code
What is it made of? Give its function
DNA (chromatin)
DNA & proteins
Contains the genetic
code

16. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains hereditary material

17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

18. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on rough ER & floating throughout the cell

19. Smooth ER membranes Function: Make steroids Regulate calcium
Break down toxins

20. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

21. Golgi Bodies (apparatus)
Protein 'packaging plant'
Move materials in and out of the cell

22. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

23. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

24. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place

25. cytoskeleton Microtubules & microfilaments Shape and support
What is it made of? Its function
cytoskeleton
Microtubules &
microfilaments
Shape and support

26. centrioles microtubules Pull chromosomes apart during cell division in
What is it made of? Its function
centrioles
microtubules
Pull chromosomes
apart during
cell division in
animal cells