1. ENERGY SYSTEMS

2. Learning goals
I will understand the make up of the body’s main energy source.
I will examine the role three key nutrients play in energy production.
I will examine the three metabolic pathways of the body.

3. GLUCOSE: THE HUMAN BODY’S “FUEL”?
there are 7 essential nutrients in the human diet, but only 3 that provide calories
CARBS
FATS
PROTEINS
all 3 provide calories, but the process is simplest when CARB’s are used (the other 2 fuels take longer to break down)

4. Caloric release Carbs – 4 kcal/g Proteins – 4 kcal/g Fats – 9 kcal/g
FYI …
Alcohol – 7 kcal/g

5. CARBS
made up of chains of easily-metabolized GLUCOSE
can provide E! very quickly
FATS & PROTEINS
need to be converted into a glucose-like molecule in order to be metabolized
thus, it takes time to start burning fat

7. carbs Sugars and starches CHO – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Provide materials to build cell membranes and provide energy for use by cells

8. glycogen Storage form of glucose in skeletal muscle and liver
Can be broken down, carried through blood and used as energy source

9. ADENOSINE TRI-PHOSPHATE
ATP is used by the muscles of body during the SFT
ATP is the “currency” (energy molecule) for all living things
nutrients from food provide fuel we need to “make” it
every cell in our body “spends” it

11. ATP HYDROLYSIS
it is the HYDROLYSIS (breakdown) of ATP that provides E! for muscle contraction
trailing phosphate group is removed, releasing energy
ATP HYDROLYSIS: ATP  ADP + Pi + E!
muscle fibres have a small supply of ATP stored within them
those stores are used up very quickly, however, the great thing about ATP is...
it is renewable!!!

14. the source of that energy comes from the food we eat...
ATP RE-SYNTHESIS
if the breakdown of ATP releases energy, then the RESYNTHESIS of ATP must require E!
ATP RESYNTHESIS: ADP + Pi + E!  ATP
the source of that energy comes from the food we eat...

15. My Hero …
One more clip!

16. ATP Resynthesis Anaerobic Aerobic Occurs quickly in muscle fibre
Powerful but short-lived physical actions
Aerobic
Occurs in mitochondria

17. Metabolic pathways ATP-PC
Anaerobic alactic (lactic acid not a by-product)
Immediate, very short term
Use of creatine phosphate stored in muscle

18. Metabolic pathways Glycolysis
Anaerobic lactic (lactic acid by-product)
Allows for longer bursts of energy
Use of glycogen stored in muscle
First stage of aerobic

19. Metabolic pathways Cellular Respiration
Aerobic (involving oxygen from lungs)
Complete breakdown of glucose
Large amount of ATP produced

20. Learning goals
I will understand the make up of the body’s main energy source.
I will examine the role three key nutrients play in energy production.
I will examine the three metabolic pathways of the body.

21. METABOLISM REVIEW
What is the ‘currency’ of the human body? What is the ‘fuel’ of the human body?
The “tri” in adenosine triphosphate refers to what?
Write the formula for ATP breakdown. What is this process called?
Explain why ATP is needed by the muscles of the body.
Write the formula of ATP resynthesis.
Explain why carbohydrates can synthesize ATP more efficiently than fats and proteins.