1. April 26, 2017
Journal: How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?

2. Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

3. energy flows through ecosystems nutrients can only cycle
Ecosystem inputs
biosphere
energy flows through ecosystems
nutrients cycle
nutrients can only cycle
inputs
energy
nutrients

4. Energy flows through ecosystems
sun
producers (plants)
loss of energy
secondary consumers
(carnivores)
primary consumers
(herbivores)

5. sun
Level 4
Food chains
Tertiary consumer
Trophic levels: a position an organism occupies in a food chain
Food chains show feeding relationships
start with energy from the sun which is captured by plants
1st level of all food chains
food chains usually go up only 4 or 5 levels
all levels connect to decomposers
top carnivore
Level 3
Secondary consumer
carnivore
Level 2
Primary consumer
heterotrophs
herbivore
Level 1
Producer
autotrophs
Fungi
Decomposers
Bacteria

6. energy lost to daily living
sun
The Cost of Living
Organisms use energy just by being alive. Only some of this energy can be passed on to the next level of the food chain.
17%
growth
energy lost to daily living
only this energy moves on to the next level in the food chain
33%
Changing your food into usable energy
50%
waste (feces)

7. Inefficiency of energy transfer
Energy is also lost to the environment between levels of food chain as heat

8. Ecological Energy Pyramid
sun
Ecological Energy Pyramid
Only 10% of energy is transferred between levels of a food chain
can feed fewer animals in each level
Numbers 1
100
100,000
1,000,000,000

9. Food webs Food chains are linked together into food webs
Who eats whom?
a species may weave into web at more than one level