1. Foreign Affairs and the Nation

2. French Revolution
Mob stormed the Bastille (Paris prison) releasing the prisoners and killing the prison governor

3. U.S. Response Initially supported the revolution
Inspired by the ideal of republican rule
French liked idea of what American’s did
U.S. and France bonded by Treaty of 1778
Support or not?

4. Reaction to Revolution
Support divided among party lines
Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson and Madison) wanted to honor treaty and support France
Federalists (Hamilton) wanted to back the British
Washington declares neutrality
Did not want to enter another war
French had sent Edmond Genet to Americas to win support
Began to recruit American’s to fight against British
Genet’s support no longer in power in France = became an American citizen
Jefferson protested these actions and with accusations of being radical stepped down from his cabinet position

5. Treaty with Spain U.S. wanted land claims West of the Miss. Rvr.
Spain still owned Florida and Louisiana Territory
Spain had signed treaty with France
Fearing British-American attack on Louisiana Territory they agreed to meet with Thomas Pinckney in which a treaty was signed
Spain gives up all claims to land east of Miss. Rvr. (except Florida) and to open up Miss. Rvr for Americans to use

6. Native American Resistance
Native Americans in N.W. territory never accepted provisions of the treaty
Demanded direct negotiations with U.S.
When settlers moved in territory, N.A. attacked them
Army sent to Ohio but defeated by Little Turtle (chief of the Miami tribe)

7. Battle of Fallen Timbers
Washington appoints Gen. Anthony Wayne to lead federal troops against N.A.
Little Turtle urges his people to seek peace
Little Turtle replaced
Wayne defeats Miami Confederacy at Fallen Timbers
Marched past British fort nearby and built own fort
Victory ends N.A. resistance in Ohio
Began paying N.A. a lot less $ than what land was worth

8. Jay’s Treaty John Jay = chief justice of the Supreme Court
In Britain during Fallen Timber negotiating treaty with Britain
Who would control territory West of App. Mtns?
British left post after hearing of victory in Fallen Timber and treaty signed in 1794
Angered Americans because it allowed British to continue fur trade on the American side of Canadian border

9. Adams is Criticized Washington does not seek 3rd term in office
Bitter political fight over Jay’s Treaty and division between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans was growing
In “Farewell Address” Washington urges nation to not seek permanent alliances
Presidential election of 1796
Fight between Federalist John Adams and Democratic – Republican Thomas Jefferson

10. Adams won the vote
Constitution says runner-up should become Vice President (different political parties)
Sectionalism becomes relevant
South voted for Jefferson and North for Adams

11. Adams Wants to Avoid War
Adams faces possible war with France
France disagrees with Jay Treaty and does not accept new American ambassador and began to seize American ships headed to Britain
Adams sends 3 people to negotiate treaty
XYZ Affair = Frances decision to send 3 low-level officials who demanded $250k to see French Prime Minister
Anti-France movement begins
Congress creates Navy and begins to seize French vessels
Undeclared Naval between U.S. and France lasts 2 yrs.

12. Alien and Sedition Acts
Many Federalists believe there were French agents plotting to overthrow government
Alien Sedition Acts
3 of 4 measures (Alien Acts) raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 – 14 yrs and allowed President to deport of jail any alien considered “undesirable”
1 of 4 measures (Sedition Acts) set fines and jail terms for anyone trying or hinder the operation of the government or expressing “false, scandalous, and malicious statements” against the government

13. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Jefferson and Madison saw Alien and Sedition Acts as misuse of power by federal government
Set up opposition by appealing to states
Madison drew up resolutions adopted by Virginia legislature
Jefferson did the same with Kentucky
Principle of notification- states had right to nullify any act of Congress that the saw unconstitutional
Eventually died out but showed the issue of balance of power between state and federal government

14. Death of G.W. G.W. remained active in government
Dec. 14, 1799 G.W. dies after catching cold
Buried at Mt. Vernon
G.W.’s death helped with improving relations with France
Napoleon, who is not 1st Consul of France, ordered 10 days of mourning for G.W.

15. Jefferson Becomes President
Adams the monarch vs. Jefferson the religion killer
Jefferson beats Adams
Running partner Aaron Burr ties him
Jefferson comes out on top
Congress passes 12th Amendment (separate ballots for President and Vice President)

16. What Did Jefferson Do? Replaced some Federalists with Dem-Rep.
Balance our government
Believes simple gov’t is best gov’t
Tried to shrink gov’t and cut spending
Reduced size of army
Stopped expansion of Navy
Lowered gov’t expenses for social functions
Free-trade > gov’t controlled trade

17. The Supreme Court Federalists still control Judicial Branch
John Marshall appointed by John Adams
Adams continues to fill positions with Federalists
Judiciary Act of > increased # of judges by 16
Midnight Judges -> Adams assigns these roles to Federalists on his last night in office
Jefferson argues these are invalid appointments
Marbury vs. Madison (pg. 206)

18. Expansion West Ohio grows from 45k to 231k Quote pg. 199
Settlers go through Cumberland Gap to get to places in the West
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson afraid French presence would force U.S. into alliance with Britain
Sends James Monroe to Paris to eliminate this problem
Bought land for $15 mil.

19. Lewis and Clark Set out to explore the West Quote (pg. 197) Pg. 200
Expected to map waterways, animals, and encounters with the Native Americans
Sacajawea becomes their guide and interpreter