1. The Rise of Organized Labor
A response of workers to industrialization

2. Changes in Work

3. Changes in Work More machine-oriented Less need for skilled labor
Workers more easily replaceable
Work more monotonous
Less personal satisfaction of craftsmanship
Workplace separate from home

4. Impersonal Relationship with Boss

5. Poor Working Conditions

6. Child Labor

7. Low Pay

8. The Knights of Labor (A large Union)

9. Goals of the Knights of Labor
Eight-hour workday.
Workers’ cooperatives.
Worker-owned factories.
Abolition of child and prison labor.
Increased circulation of greenbacks.
Equal pay for men and women.
Safety codes in the workplace.
Prohibition of contract foreign labor.
Abolition of the National Bank.

10. Trouble At Haymarket Riot in Chicago 1886

11. Haymarket Martyrs

12. Effect of the Haymarket Riot
Many people associate labor unions with anarchists or other radical groups
Anarchist – someone who wants all forms of government eliminated
Socialist – someone who wants the “means of production” (factories and farms) controlled by the government

13. The “Formula”
unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

14. Labor Union Membership

15. The American Federation of Labor
Different than the Knights (only for skilled laborers)
Made up of a collection of trade unions
Used collective bargaining

16. Women at Work Sometimes form their own unions
Mother Jones is a labor organizer
ILGWU organizes garment workers
Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire in New York in 1911 leads to reforms

17. Government and Labor
Many strikes in the late 19th century/early 20th century
Government often influenced by big business
Government often sided with big business in quashing (putting down) the strikes

18. Pullman Strike 1894