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Do, or do not do. There is no ‘try’.
11/19/2018 Title: Anat & Phys 11/30/06 Objectives: To learn about the physiology of muscles. Class Topics Review questions Review contraction Notes Relaxation Energy sources Isometric and isotonic contractions Contraction graphs Do, or do not do. There is no ‘try’. Yoda Monday, November 19, :30 AM
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Class Assignments Read 197-212 12/4/06 Muscle Physiology quiz 12/4/06
11/19/2018 Class Assignments What By When Read /4/06 Muscle Physiology quiz 12/4/06 Contraction assignment 12/4/06 Muscle physiology test 12/8/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future
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Review Sketch a myofibril
11/19/2018 Review Sketch a myofibril Label A band, I band, Z line, H zone, sarcomere, actin, myosin What is the purpose for nuclei in the muscle cell? What is the purpose for mitochondria in the muscle cell? What connective tissue covering is found surrounding each fascicle? What are three proteins are found in the “thin filament”? What is a 1:10 ratio of motor neurons to muscle cells used for? What muscles?
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Muscle physiology quiz
11/19/2018 Muscle physiology quiz Topics Organelles All or none principle Myofibril anatomy Neuromuscular junction Connective tissue coverings Innervation ratios
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Contraction step by step
11/19/2018 Contraction step by step Stimulation - acetylcholine released from motor neuron Muscle fiber stimulation by acetylcholine & calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Calcium ions bind to troponin molecule Troponin molecules change shape causing tropomyosin to rotate and expose active sites on the actin molecule
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Contraction step by step
11/19/2018 Contraction step by step Cross bridges form between actin (active sites) and myosin filaments (globular proteins) Actin filaments slide along myosin filaments (ATP used) due to a swivel action of myosin globular protein Muscle fiber shortens as contraction occurs Wisconsin Online - animation Texas A&M University - animation
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11/19/2018 Relaxation Acetylcholine decomposes and muscle fiber is no longer stimulated Calcium ions are Actively TransPorted into sarcoplasmic reticulum Cross bridges between actin and myosin are broken – troponin is no longer activated and it (and tropomyosin) rotates back into resting position over actin active sites
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Relaxation (cont.) Actin and myosin slide apart
11/19/2018 Relaxation (cont.) Actin and myosin slide apart Muscle fiber lengthens and resting state is reestablished
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Pattern Puzzle Put the paragraph on contraction back together
11/19/2018 Pattern Puzzle Put the paragraph on contraction back together
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From: http://biomedia.bio.purdue.edu/GenBioLM/
11/19/2018 From: GBMuscle/html/myofilaments.html
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11/19/2018 Assignment In a series (at least 7) of pictures, draw a representation of contraction and relaxation. Include a written basic overview of what is occurring in each step. 10 pts. “Don’t tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results.” George Patton
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Energy Sources for Contraction
11/19/2018 Energy Sources for Contraction ATP - found on each globular protein of myosin - 1 or 2 contractions Creatine phosphate - 25 secs. - changes ADP into ATP so the body can use it for energy Other sources
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11/19/2018 Other Sources of NRG Cellular respiration - using stored glucose and oxygen to form ATP very efficient Anaerobic Respiration no oxygen changes glucose to pyruvic acid and then to lactic acid - discomfort in muscles inefficient energy source
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From: http://www.nismat.org/physcor/energy_supply.html
11/19/2018 From:
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Anaerobic Respiration
11/19/2018 Anaerobic Respiration Oxygen debt oxygen goes toward decomposition of lactic acid - not respiration Muscle fatigue too much lactic acid - low pH - no contraction Muscle cramp muscle contracts but doesn’t relax not enough ATP to move calcium ions back into SR
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11/19/2018 Muscle Tone Sustained contraction occurring in muscle fibers at all times - resting muscle Used for posture, body positioning, reflexes, and keep body firm Lost when a person passes out dead weight
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Athletes Higher tolerance to lactic acid more capillaries in muscles
11/19/2018 Athletes Higher tolerance to lactic acid more capillaries in muscles More muscle tone
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Contraction types Tetanic contractions Types of tetanus
11/19/2018 Contraction types Tetanic contractions sustained contraction produced by rapid sequence of stimuli Types of tetanus 1. Isotonic 2. Isometric
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11/19/2018 Isotonic Produces movement as the muscle pulls the bone toward a stationary structure ex. Bicep curl All movements!
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Isometric Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten
11/19/2018 Isometric Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten No body movement ex. Pushing an immovable object
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11/19/2018 Twitch
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Muscle Types HO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance”
11/19/2018 Muscle Types HO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance” Slow twitch Type I Fast twitch Type IIe Type IIx
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