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The Communication Process

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Presentation on theme: "The Communication Process"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Communication Process
Sender Receiver Channel Message to be sent Encoded message Message received Message decoded NOISE Feedback

2 Wheel All Channel Chain

3 Small Group Networks and Effective Criteria
Chain Wheel All Channel Speed Moderate Fast Accuracy High Emergence of Leader None Member Satisfaction Low

4 Upward Communication Serial communication Attitude surveys
Focus groups Exit interviews Suggestion boxes Third party facilitators

5 Downward Communication
Bulletin boards Policy manuals Newsletters Intranets

6 Business Communication
Memos Telephone calls (and IM, TM, Blogs) Voice mail Face-to-face meetings Committee meetings Videoconferencing

7 Information Richness of Communication Channels
Prerecorded speeches Live speeches Formal reports, bulletins Online Discussion Groups Video conferences High Channel Richness Low Channel Richness Memos, letters Voice mail Face-to-face conversations Telephone conversations Electronic mail

8 Email Etiquette and Voice Mail Etiquette
)

9 Interpersonal Communication
Three problem areas: Intended message versus message sent Message sent versus message received Message received versus message interpreted

10 Sender Receiver Encodes Message Sends Message Receives Message Decodes Message I hear her say I think she means What I want to say What I say

11 Gender Differences in Communication (Tannen, 1986 & 1990)
Men Talk about major events Tell the main point Are more direct Use “uh-huh” to agree Are comfortable with silence Concentrate on the words spoken Sidetrack unpleasant topics Women Talk about daily life Provide details Are more indirect Use “uh-huh” to listen Are less comfortable with silence Concentrate on nonverbal cues and paralanguage Focus on unpleasant topics

12 Noise

13 Nonverbal Cues

14 Use of Space Intimacy zone Personal distance zone Social distance zone
Public distance zone

15 Use of Time

16 Paralanguage

17 Artifacts Our office What we wear The car we drive
The house we live in

18 When we have too much information, we tend to:
Assimilate Sharpen Level

19 Reactions to Information Overload
Omission Error Queuing Escape Use of a gatekeeper Use of multiple channels

20 Listening Styles (Geier & Downey, 1980)
Leisure Inclusive Stylistic Technical Empathic Nonconforming

21 Other Factors Emotional State Bias Cognitive Ability Drugs and Alcohol

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