1. Bacteria Structure, Reproduction, and Recombination
Robby, Boris, John
Bacteria Structure, Reproduction, and Recombination

2. Overview How bacteria obtains energy Where you might find bacteria
Binary Fission and genetic recombination
Importance of bacteria
Horizontal gene transfer

3. Difference between autotroph and heterotroph
  Autotrophs- produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings using sunlight
 Heterotrophs -rely on other organisms both plants and animals for nutrition.

4. Differences in bacterial energy
Chemoautotroph- create their own energy and biological materials from inorganic chemicals.
Photoautotroph- carry out photosynthesis. Using energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water converted into organic materials
Chemoheterotroph- needs organic molecules for both energy and carbon.
Photoheterotroph- photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source.                                        

5. Where you would find...
Chemoautotrophs-  in hostile environments-primary producers in those areas
 Photoautotrophs- Anyplace with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
 Chemoheterotroph- rely on area around them, need environment with organic carbon and organic energy (need other living things)
Photoheterotroph- Anyplace with sunlight and organic carbon

6. Anaerobes and aerobes
 Facultative anaerobes- Can make ATP aerobically but doesn’t need oxygen to make ATP
 Obligate aerobes- Makes ATP aerobically but cant make energy anaerobically 
Obligate anaerobes- Makes ATP without oxygen but in presence of oxygen it will die
                                                                                                                                   RM

7. Binary Fission
Asexual reproduction which the organism duplicates its DNA in 2
Produces 2 identical daughter cells
Reproduction of prokaryotic cells
It uses cytokinesis to duplicate BZ

8. Genetic Recombination
Production of offspring with traits that differ from their parents
Allows organisms to evolve to match their environment
Creates new genetic types
Involves with pair of homologous chromosomes BZ

9. Bacteria resistance to drugs
Changes it to make it harmless
Change outer structure to not be detected
Pump the drugs back out
Bacteria multiply BZ

10. Why does bacteria become Resistant?
Overuse of antibiotics
Using antibiotics for every illness
Bacteria mutates
Use of antibiotics BZ

11. Horizontal Gene Transfer
Three process conjugation, transformation, transduction
Main process of spreading antibiotic resistance
Important role in the evolution of bacteria
antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species JP

12. Conjugation
Bacteria transferring genetic material from through direct contact with another piece of bacteria
One bacterium donates genetic material and the other receives it
Uses a pilus to make contact with receiver and to transfer information
Conjugation is very common in creating antibiotic resistant genes JP

13. Transformation
•Genetic alteration of cell resulting from an interaction of genetic material from outside the cell
•The recipient bacteria must be in a state of competence
•genetic material from outside the cell passes from one bacterium to another JP

14. Transduction DNA enters bacteria through a virus or viral vector
Used to introduce a foreign gene into a host cell’s DNA
Body's lysosomes will kill virus 
Leads to production of new phage cells
This is just like getting a flu shot JP

15. ABC's 
 How does a chemoautotroph acquire energy
A- is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source.
B- must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon.
C- create their own energy and biological materials from inorganic chemicals.
D-  carry out photosynthesis. Using energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are converted into organic materials

16. ABC's 
What will happen if obligate anaerobes are in the presence of oxygen
A- They will make energy anaerobically
B- They will die
C- They will make energy aerobically
D- Nothing

17. ABC's
What is Binary Fission? A- Sexual reproduction where the organism splits its DNA in half B- Asexual reproduction where the organism splits its DNA in fourths C- Asexual reproduction where the organism splits its DNA in half D- Sexual reproduction where the organism splits its DNA in fourths
Correct Answer: C BZ

18. ABC's Correct Answer: A and C
Why does bacteria become resistant to drugs? (2 answers)
A- Overuse of drugs
B- Bacteria multiply
C- Bacteria mutate 
D- Not enough use of drugs
Correct Answer: A and C BZ

19. ABC's When does transduction occur? A – transduction
B – When DNA from outside the cell interacts with the cell
C – DNA enters through virus
D – The body signals for this process
Correct answer C JP

20. ABC's What do bacteria cells use to make contact during conjugation?
A – nothing
B- pilus
C – membrane
D – mitochondria
 Correct answer B JP

21. Wrap it up How bacteria obtains energy Where you might find bacteria
Binary Fission and genetic recombination
Importance of bacteria
Horizontal gene transfer