1. “The Environmental Challenge”
MARTECMA - Air emissions from ships "The way forward”
Athens, 21 January 2008
Olav Nortun,
Det Norske Veritas
Senior Vice President and Technical Director

2. Increase in global shipping
Shipping most CO2 efficient of all transport modes
Without shipping the world stop
2-4% of global CO2 emissions
The trend is increased global trade and thus increased shipping with China as a driver.
Raw materials from Australia, Africa, Europe and USA
Consumer goods from China to Europe and USA
In this perspective let me remind you that shipping is the most CO2 efficient of all transport modes. Without shipping the world stops.
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19 November 2018

3. The changing reality of shipping
Reduced number of accidents and amount of accidental oil spills
Leads to focus on other issues of importance for the local and global environment.
NOx, SOx, CO2, PM
Decommissioning – disposal and recycling
Cargo and cargo residues
VOC
Toxic inventory and contamination
Hull Form
For many years the focus has been on reducing accidents and oil spills. In today,s world this is not enough.
We need to focus on a wider range of issues ……………..SEE slide.
This seminar concentrate on emission to air, namely
CO2
NOx
SOx
Particulate matters
Volatile Organic Compounds
Fuel Quality
Ballast Water
Sewage system
Waste, incl. bilges
Antifouling
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018

4. Controlling air emissions from shipping
Source:
Is there anything wrong with shipping – NO.
It is just that air emissions has been put high up on the agenda. Everybody is struggling to cope with this new issue. This has been an issue for many industries over years and now is has come to the shipping world as well.
Here is two pictures from the Geiranger fjord in Norway. On a clear day and on a clear day after quite a few calls from passenger ships.
The challenge is that shipping is in the medias focus as a polluter. We are challenged and are expected to do something.
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018

5. Sulphur deposition from shipping
2020
Baseline
2000
2020
Level 2
2020
Maximum
According to a study done for EU by International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) there is an alarming development.
If the target is to cut Sox with 14 % and NOx with 28% (level 2) the estimated cost is around €800 millions/year
If the target is to cut Sox with 80 % and NOx with 90% (maximum) the estimated cost is around €5,5 to 6,5 billions/year
Ambition level 2
SO2 0.5 percent S in residual oil or scrubbing equivalent (2g SO2/kWh) in SECA, and
for passenger vessels everywhere
NOx Slide valve retrofit on all slow-speed engines pre-2000
Humid air motors for all new engines post-2010
This would, in 2020, reduce SO2 emissions by 14 percent compared to the baseline and NOx emissions by 28 percent.
Estimated Cost €800 m/year
Maximum
Reduction of the S content of residual oil to 0.5 % until 2020, and
a 15 % reduction of emissions of NOx from existing vessels
combined with 50 % reduction for new (post-2010) vessels.
Implementing selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR) on all post-2010 ships.
This would, in 2020, reduce SO2 emissions by 80 % compared to the baseline and NOx emissions by 90 %.
The costs increase with 5.7 billion €/year. Total 6.5 billion €/year.
Source: IIASA Contract No
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018

6. Emissions in Europe - Inventories of NOx
NOx emissions
NOx
Why is this important
Contribute to global emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx).
Estimated by 2020, ship emissions contributions to EU NOx and SOx inventories will surpass total emissions generated by
land-based mobile
stationary
and other sources
sources in the 25 nations
NOx – exhaust gas – cleaning on board
(SOx ultimately have to be solved at the refineries)
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018

7. Not sustainable to continue ”as is”
CO2 emissions
CO2
The CO2 emissions from shipping constitutes a small percentage of total emissions- So why should we care?
Shipping will globally increase due to increased demand
New ships delivered today will operate 25 years from now.
The contribution from shipping will increase because other industries will reduce.
The “revised” Kyoto protocol will most likely include shipping.
Shippers or owners of goods shipped may require shipping to reduce its emissions.
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018

8. Legislative Development – Air Emissions
2007
MARPOL Annex VI revision
11. August 2007 North Sea SECA 1,5%
2008
End EU commission review
End – MARPOL Annex VI Adoption period
June/July MEPC 59 – Concluding on CO2 indicator
MARPOL Annex VI Tacit Approval
2009
2010
EU January ,1% sulphur limit
MARPOL Annex VI – Into Force
2011
NOx reduction applies for new engines
Kyoto Protocol to be “renewed”
2012
The legislative development, except for MARPOL Annex VI is difficult to follow. However I have tried to give a overview of important issue and when they most likely will pop up on the agenda.
2008: EU comission will review progress on development within IMO, notably MARPOL and Annex VI and MARPOL Annex VI will be adopted.
2009: There is a expectation that at MEOC 59 there will be a proposal for CO2 indicator or index. This to facilitate trading. However, it is voluntarly. This is the year for tacit acceptrance of Annex VI
2010: Ships berthed in Europe to use fuel with 0,1 % Sulphur. MArpol Annex VI enters into force
2011: Requirement to new engine with a maximum NOx emission of 15 to 25%
2012: Kyoto protocol to be renewed will most likely include shipping and aviation
Where is this driving us:
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018

9. Regulation of emissions to air
Historically IMO has set the agenda through MARPOL.
The challenge;
EU will enforce regulations if IMO does not manage to react with sufficient speed (GHG focus).
Encourages member states to support quick process in IMO
Recent study has identified three options:
1 Include maritime transport in EUs Emission Trading Scheme
2 Differentiation of harbour dues
3 Ships calling EU ports to meet limit CO-2 Index
UNFCCC, shipping in next Kyoto Protocol
Port state specific regulations are emerging
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC)
Port state specific regulations are emerging - GUIDELINES FOR PORT STATE CONTROL UNDER MARPOL ANNEX VI _MEPC Circ. 472
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018

10. Thank you for your attention!
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
19 November 2018