1. The Cold War Unfolds
Chapter 15.1

2. Focus Question
What were the political and military consequences of the Cold War (between USSR, Europe, and USA)?

3. Two sides face off
Cold War begins in Europe between the two super powers: U.S. and U.S.S.R
U.S. leads the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the western portion of Europe
U.S.S.R. leads the Warsaw Pact in the Eastern portion of Europe
both groups are military alliances and face off at a line between the democratic West and the communist East known as the “Iron Curtain.”

4. The Berlin Wall

7. The Berlin Wall
Berlin during the Cold War was split into two-democratic West and Communist East.
Many unhappy due to the low pay and communism in the Eastern portion tried to escape to the Western portion of the city
To stop the exodus of people leaving East Germany (U.S.S.R) constructed a wall to keep the people inside on August 13, 1961

8. The Berlin Wall
first wall was barbed wire strung between rows of bricked-up buildings.
Then it was made into what we knew as the “Berlin Wall” (row of subsidiary walls, trenches, electric fences)
The “death strip” overseen by armed guards in 302 watchtowers.
Once completed, the wall followed a 96-mile zigzag path, but only 27 miles of the wall divided East and West Berlin; the rest of the barrier separated West Berlin from the surrounding East German countryside.

9. The Berlin Wall

10. The Berlin Wall

11. The Berlin Wall

12. The Berlin Wall came down in 1989

13. Nuclear Weapons Threaten the World
Most terrifying part of Cold War was threat of Nuclear War
Both superpowers tried to out produce each other in creating weapons, and both had hydrogen bombs
“Balance of terror” was set by mutual destruction.
Both superpowers agreed to reduce the number of nuclear missiles through SALT conferences in ‘72 and ‘79.

14. Nuclear Weapons Threaten the World
One agreement limited number of anti-ballistic missiles a nation could have, as a way to reduce tension.
During the 1970’s we entered into a period of Détente, which dealt with the USSR through diplomacy vs. militarily.
Both nations set up military bases globally.
Ronald Regan (President of U.S.) launched a program called Star Wars as a defense against nuclear attack.
Later both signed a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in ’91

15. Cold war gets hot China becomes communist in 1949
During the Korean War ( ) and the Vietnam War ( ); China, USSR, and the U.S. were all heavily involved providing weapons, training, and money.
Cuba has a revolution and becomes communist in 1959, and Fidel Castro becomes leader.
U.S. tries to support an invasion of Cuba that fails known as Bay of Pigs in 1961.

16. Cuban Missile Crisis
1962 USSR begins to set up nuclear missiles in Cuba
President of the U.S., John F. Kennedy, responded by setting up a blockade to make sure that no other weapons could make it to Cuba.
U.S. demanded that the USSR remove the weapons.
USSR originally denied they were there, but after 13 days and fear of nuclear war they were removed.
The leader of the U.S.S.R. at the time was Nikita Khrushchev (‘53-’64 and followed up by Leoniod Breshnev (‘64-’82)