1. AP Psychology Test review: prologue

2. 1. Psychology is defined as:
A) the study of behavior and mental processes.
B) the study of behavior.
C) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
D) the science of behavior and consequences.

3. 2. Socrates and Plato were in agreement that:
A) knowledge is something we are born with.
B) knowledge is something taught and learned.
C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.
D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

4. 3. It was _____ who believed that the mind grows from experiences in our memory.
A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Descartes
D) Aristotle

5. 4. ____ believed the fluid in the cavities of the brain contained “animal spirits”.
A) Plato
B) Bacon
C) Aristotle
D) Descartes

6. A) Bacon B) Locke C) Descartes D) Plato
An essay of the political philosopher _____, arguing the mind is a blank slate, helped form modern empiricism.
A) Bacon
B) Locke
C) Descartes
D) Plato

7. 6. The first psychological laboratory was established by:
A) Wilhelm Wundt.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) John Locke.
D) B.F. Skinner.

8. A) the experimental method B) cause-and-effect relationships
7. Tichner believed in the method called ____ to investigate psychological processes.
A) the experimental method
B) cause-and-effect relationships
C) introspection
D) psychoanalysis

9. A) John Locke B) Charles Darwin C) Sigmund Freud D) Francis Bacon
8. William James studied behavior based on how it was adaptive. He was heavily influenced by _____.
A) John Locke
B) Charles Darwin
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Francis Bacon

10. 9. Mary Calkins was famous for:
A) being the first female president of the APA.
B) being a leading proponent of structuralism.
C) being the first female graduate student, thanks to Titchner.
D) all of the above.

11. 10. The first textbook was written by:
A) Washburn.
B) Titchner.
C) Wundt.
D) James.

12. 11. Watson and Skinner would be in agreement in their:
A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.
B) dismissal of introspection.
C) definition of psychology as the study of behavior and mental processes.
D) study of cognitive neuroscience.

13. A) biological. B) psychological. C) psychoanalytical.
12. Current psychology employs three main levels of analysis, which include all of the following except:
A) biological.
B) psychological.
C) psychoanalytical.
D) social-cultural.

14. A) social-cultural B) neuroscience C) evolutionary D) biological
13. A psychologist explains human mate selection in terms of helping the species to continue. She is using the ____ perspective.
A) social-cultural
B) neuroscience
C) evolutionary
D) biological

15. 14. In psychology, the current stand on the nature-nurture controversy is:
A) nature works on what nature endows.
B) learning is far more important than genetics.
C) genetics is far more important than learning.
D) we are born with a blank slate until learning occurs.

16. A) neuroscience B) evolutionary C) cognitive D) psychodynamic
15. In studying anger, the psychologist who views an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility is coming from the ___ perspective.
A) neuroscience
B) evolutionary
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

17. 16. The psychologist most likely to treat mental disorders is the:
A) counseling psychologist.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) personality psychologist.
D) developmental psychologist.

18. 17. The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes medication.
A) clinical psychologist
B) neuropsychologist
C) psychiatrist
D) all of the above

19. A) industrial/organizational psychologist. B) clinical psychologist.
18. You are a VP in a major corporation and need to hire a professional to help hire and train employees more effectively. Your best choice would likely be a(n):
A) industrial/organizational psychologist.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) social psychologist.
D) cognitive psychologist.

20. 19. Research aimed at building psychology’s knowledge base is:
A) applied research.
B) academic research.
C) basic research.
D) theoretical research.

21. 20. The psychological specialty most likely to focus on applied research is:
A) Biological Psychology.
B) Cognitive Psychology.
C) Personality Psychology.
D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

22. 21. The correct order of the SQ3R method is:
A) survey, question, review, read, reflect.
B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.
C) survey, question, read, reorganize, regurgitate.
D) study, question, re-study, re-read, review.

23. 22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only studies the day before the test, so it is, “fresh”. You point out:
A) short-term memory is more accurate than long-term memory.
B) studying right before the test is better than the day before.
C) spaced practice is more effective.
D) as long as he follows the SQ3R model, he should do fine.

24. 23. In class, you can listen actively by:
A) asking questions.
B) write down main ideas.
C) thinking about what is being said.
D) all of the above.

25. A) cover the answers first. B) weigh the potential of each answer.
24: Your text recommends the way to answer multiple-choice questions is to:
A) cover the answers first.
B) weigh the potential of each answer.
C) eliminate the wrong answers first.
D) imagine how each answer could be the right one.

26. A) Sigmund Freud B) William James C) John Locke D) Wilhelm Wundt
25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active listening, stating, “No reception without reaction, no impression without expression.”
A) Sigmund Freud
B) William James
C) John Locke
D) Wilhelm Wundt

27. C) Biological Instincts D) Unconscious Experiences
26. An important difference between humanistic and psychodynamic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of
A) Learning
B) Free Will
C) Biological Instincts
D) Unconscious Experiences

28. D) Unconscious Experiences
27. Although paul seems bright and capable to his friends and parents, he has been failing school. He agrees to speak to a psychologist, who suggests that his problems steam from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist’s view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Humanistic
C) Cognitive
D) Unconscious Experiences

29. 28. Cognitive theorists emphasize the
A) Powerful unconscious impulses that motivate behavior
B) Formation and modification of schemas
C) Impact of rewards and punishments
D) Social norms that determine behavior

30. 29. According maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following is true?
A) Cultural differences impact the rate that individuals reach self-actualization
B) Self-actualization will always precede the meeting of needs for esteem
C) Women are more likely to reach self- actualization than men
D) Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self- actualization

31. A) Humanistic B) Cognitive C) Evolutionary D) Behavioral
30. Which of the following approaches emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?
A) Humanistic
B) Cognitive
C) Evolutionary
D) Behavioral

32. 31. Which of the following is true for behaviorism?
A) It’s rooted in Freud’s view of the importance of early experiences
B) It was formulated to account for cognitive development
C) It holds that development is largely a product of learning
D) It emphasizes the dominance of heredity over environment

33. A) Counseling psychology B) Experimental psychology
32. leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation are all studied in which of the following psychological disciplines?
A) Counseling psychology
B) Experimental psychology
C) Human factors psychology
D) Industrial-organizational psychology

34. 33. The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was emphasized by?
A) John Locke
B) John Watson
C) Charles Darwin
D) B.F. Skinner

35. A) Counseling psychology B) Experimental psychology
34. Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
A) Counseling psychology
B) Experimental psychology
C) Clinical psychology
D) Developmental psychology

36. 35. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of?
A) reactions to sensory stimulation.
B) learning and memory.
C) personality development.
D) association and generalization.

37. 36. William James was a prominent American?
A) structuralist.
B) functionalist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) behaviorist.

38. A) Margaret Floy Washburn B) Mary Whiton Calkins
37. Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association??
A) Margaret Floy Washburn
B) Mary Whiton Calkins
C) Margaret Washington
D) Rosalie Rayner

39. A) Watson B) Piaget C) Titchner D) Wundt
38. Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”??
A) Watson
B) Piaget
C) Titchner
D) Wundt

40. A) Freud B) James C) Watson D) Wundt
39. Which of the following psychologists most clearly rejected the value of introspection?
A) Freud
B) James
C) Watson
D) Wundt

41. 40. The founder of the american psychological association in 1892?
A) Albert Bandura
B) Carl Rogers
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Cecil Sumner

42. Answers 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. 5. B 6. 7. 8. 9. A
10. D
11. B
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17. C
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21. B
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33. B C D
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40. C A B