1. Cold War

2. What?
The Cold War was a state of hostility short of direct military confrontation that developed between the two superpowers
Power struggle and competition between the US and the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1991
Two nations become rivals- competing to be the world’s superpower

3. Who? The major players: The Soviet Union vs.The United States
Other players: China, Korea, Cuba, Vietnam
Major Leaders:
US: Truman, IKE, JFK, Johnson, Nixon, Reagan
SU: Stalin, Krushchev, Gorbachev

4. When?
(the breakup of the Soviet Union)

5. Where? Germany Eastern Europe (soviet satellite nations) China Korea
Cuba
Vietnam

6. Why? US wanted Democracy Capitalism Govt by the people
Freedom, competition
Individualism – good for me
Soviets wanted
Communism (workers vs. wealthy)
Totalitarianism
Govt by one or few
Sharing equally
Collectivism – good for all

7. How? Competitiveness Indirect wars Sports (Miracle, boxing) Space Race
Spies
Nuclear Weapons
Indirect wars
Korea
Vietnam

8. Picking Sides
Every country had to decide which side they would join – Freedom/Democracy vs. Communism
Countries in Eastern Europe became part of the communist side and an Iron Curtain divided the world (communism on one side and capitalism/democracy on the other)

9. Iron Curtain

10. Space Race- USSR makes it first to space, USA to the moon
Sputnik- orbited into space around the Earth in 1957
Apollo 11- July 1969

11. Arms Race- Who has better missiles, bombs, and military power?
U.S. tests atom bomb in New Mexico 1945
Soviets test H-Bomb in 1949
Here in America we learned how to prepare for a nuclear attack: (Duck and Cover 9:14)

12. Espionage- USSR and USA spy on one another
U2 Spy Plane flown by Francis Gary Powers was shot down over the USSR. America was spying on the Soviets, which infuriated Nikita Khrushchev. Powers was suppose to be held prisoner for ten years in the USSR. Released after two years in exchange for a Soviet spy.
The Rosenbergs- found guilty of giving US secrets on developing the H-Bomb to the Soviets. They were executed in 1953
(1:34)

13. The Berlin Wall
A wall erected by the Soviets completely surrounding Free West Berlin.
WHY – to keep the people of Soviet controlled East Berlin from escaping to Free West Berlin
Soviets built it to keep their communist workers in
(9:20)
(Escape from Berlin 9:19)

14. What would have happened to you?
1. Try to jump the wall or climb it
You were shot at. Most likely you got hit and were injured or died
2. Dig a tunnel-got caught
You were machine-gunned to death
3. One guy tried to flee East Berlin in a balloon
Shot down and killed
At least 100,000 jailed for trying to escape East Berlin with 268 known murders

15. Olympics
Sports, especially the Olympics, were a battleground of the Cold War
Most Soviet athletes were professionals - America used our college kids
(Speech 2:20)
(long game clips 7:43)
(short ending of game 1:57)

16. Falling Apart – the End of the Cold War
Protests began in many Eastern European countries
People wanted a say in their government
Leaders of countries tried to squash this with military power
But two leaders knew it was time for a change…

17. End of the Cold War

18. Leaders - Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan
Reagan makes a famous speech to persuade Gorbachev to put an end to communism in Soviet Union and tear down the wall
(Reagan’s speech 4min)
Broke up satellite countries so that Russia was now a country again and Eastern European countries became independent
Tore down the Berlin Wall
Created democracy in Russia (no more communism)

19. Mikhail Gorbachev Became leader of Russia in 1985
The economy was falling apart
1/3 of population was living in poverty
People were standing in long lines for food and clothing
Prices were high
Wages were low

20. Gorbachev’s (Gorbie) Ideas
Ease tension with US
Glasnost (openness) allowed political and intellectual debate…people could speak against the government, have freedom of press
Perestroika (rebuilding) economy and politics
Instituted elections for Congress and President
Market economy with less government interference
Factories produced goods that people wanted

21. It’s falling…
Glasnost and Perestroika resulted in chaos. This led to uprisings
Satellite countries began to declare independence from the USSR
Hungary led protests but were squashed by Russian tanks and troops in the 1950s. No one wanted to fight back until…
Czechoslovakian people had protest marches with millions of people…their government could not stop them so they asked for change and they get it! (starts here first)
1990 Czechoslovakia will become first country to break away from the Soviets and become a democracy
Communism is falling apart and Russia can’t stop it!
People are mad at Gorbachev and he resigns!

22. It’s falling…Poland
While Czechoslovakia was fighting for their freedom and democracy (and they WIN it in 1991), Polish workers unite to fight for their rights
Lech Walesa, a union leader, rises to the top as the man who will lead Poland to freedom over communism around 1988
In 1991 Walesa unites all of Poland and communism falls in Poland
He becomes the 1st freely elected President of Poland
Now other countries fight back and communism falls all over Eastern Europe – the COLD WAR ENDS!!

23. Fall of Communism
Russian Republic led by Boris Yeltsin wanted more reform and called for democracy and a market economy
1991 official breakup of the Soviet Union – communism ends
By 1991 the Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold War is knocked down and Europe is free and democracy rules! IT IS THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE END OF COMMUNISM!!!
WHY did all this happen?? The people wanted a say in the government and they forced things to change!

24. Berlin Wall Falls November 9, 1989
Communism falls completely in the USSR in 1991 and control over other Eastern European countries ends

25. Fall Of the Berlin Wall
(Fall of the wall 6:23)
(End other countries 2:56)
(NY Times then and now pix)

26. Independence Movements
CZECHOSLOVAKIA:
1989
student protests, Peaceful division of country
ROMANIA:
1990
protests, killed leader, revolted, army joined protesters
USSR:
1991
Satellite nations gain independence and free elections
END OF COLD WAR!!!!!
EAST GERMANY:
1989, May free elections
Destruction of Berlin wall, protests, free elections
HUNGARY:
Dec. 1989
Informal democratic political groups, PROTESTS
BULGARIA:
1989
Hunger strikes, protests, mass exodus
POLAND:
Lech Walesa led workers on strikes & protests. Walesa 1st democratically elected president in Eastern Europe

27. Review Questions Why is the Berlin Wall so important?
Which country fought for independence first?
Who is Lech Walesa? Which country is he connected with?
Why did communism fall?