1. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
The Cold War
Introduction
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

2. The Cold War - Introduction
Review
Introduction to the Cold War
Containment
Unit Packs
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

3. I. The Cold War - Introduction
i. After WWII, most of Europe lay in ruins.
a. ECONOMIES RUINED
b. The people of Europe experienced very hard times after the war.
c. Hunger, Starvation, and sometimes death.
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

4. The Cold War - Introduction
ii. After WWII, conflict began to develop b/w the USA (and its allies) and the Soviet Union (and its allies)
a. The Cold War was fought over ideological differences, not an actual war
b. USA’s Allies: Britain, France, Canada
c. Soviet Union’s: Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania
1. Eastern European countries had their own governments, but were controlled by the Soviet Union. Satellite States
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

5. II. Ideological Differences
i. USA believes in individualism:
a. places importance on individual freedoms and the goals of the individual.
b. Capitalism - Adam Smith - Wealth of Nations
ii. Soviet Union believed in collectivism:
a. places importance on community goals and limits freedom of individuals
b. Communism - Karl Marx - Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

6. Ideological Differences
iii. Because of these ideological differences b/w the USA and it allies and the Soviet Union and its allies, the Cold War was a period of extreme tension.
iv. Between 1945 and 1990, each side built up its arms just in case a conflict broke out. Booooom!
a. Cold War:
v. Europe was divided into Western and Eastern Europe
a. Passage b/w the two sides was not allowed.
b. The Iron Curtain
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

7. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
The Iron Curtain
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

8. Ideological Differences
vi. Big Power Rivalry
a. Following WWII, The USA and the USSR were so powerful, they become known as the world’s two superpowers.
b. They were in direct competition with one another.
c. Only way to gain more territory or influence was at the expense of the other.
d. This causes intense bitterness b/w the two countries.
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

9. Ideological Differences
vii. In the early years of the Cold War the Soviets wanted to create a buffer zone against a possible attack from the West. This meant they would be safe.
a. Buffer Zone requires control of Eastern Europe
b. Czech, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Latvia, Lithuania, etc.
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

10. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
III. Containment
i. Right after WWII, Europe was in ruin and many people were starving.
a. The Americans were fine with the USSR’s initial gains in E. Europe.
b. NO FURTHER EXPANSION WOULD BE ALLOWED!!
ii. In poor economic times, many people turn to communism
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

11. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
Containment
iii. Truman Doctrine: 1947, Truman (American President) wants to contain communism in E. Europe, and not allow it to spread.
Containment diagram
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

12. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
Harry S. Truman
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

13. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
Containment
iv. Accomplishing Containment:
a. Marshall Plan (1947): Seeing that Europe was in such a poor economic state after WWII, the stage was set for a communist take-over.
$16 billion U.S. given to the countries of Europe to buy food, fuel, and raw materials.
By 1950, Europe was back on its feet.
Marshall Plan was open to all European countries, but Soviet Union and its Satellites refused American help.
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

14. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
Containment
b. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
1949, Western European countries, USA, and Canada form an Alliance to scare Stalin.
Britain, France, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Turkey , etc.
US also warns Soviets that an attack on Western Europe would be treated like an attack on the US itself.
i.e. Americans would nuke Soviets
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

15. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
NATO vs. Warsaw
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

16. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
Containment
v. Stalin’s (Soviet) Responses to containment:
a. COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance): To keep Eastern Europe financially happy, Stalin sets up a program like the Marshall Plan called the COMECON
b. Warsaw Pact: An Alliance of Eastern European Nations including Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the USSR.
This was a response to NATO. Warsaw Pact members were not given a choice about membership
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

17. SS 30 Cold War Introduction
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction

18. The Cold War - Introduction
Terms
Containment
NATO
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
Warsaw Pact
COMECON
Truman
Stalin
Cold War
Satellite States
Big Three
Individualism
Collectivism
Ideology
Buffer Zone
Iron Curtain
November 19, 2018
SS 30 Cold War Introduction