1. Interactive Notebook Setup
11/8/2017
Trans-Saharan & Swahili Coast Trade
This will be one page

2. Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO
Trans-Saharan Trade
Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO
Swahili City-States

3. Trans-Saharan Trade
Like the Silk and Sea Roads  this trade begins as a result of environmental variation
What does each region have to offer?
North African coastal areas = cloth, glassware, weapons, books
Sahara region = copper and salt
Savanna grasslands = grain crops
Sub-Saharan forests = tree crops like yam and kola nuts

4. Trans- Saharan trade Sporadic encounters for more than 1,000 years
Long-distance trade helped spur on the development of kingdoms in east and central Africa. Trade and its wealth helped establish large and powerful kingdoms
Sporadic encounters for more than 1,000 years
Initiators of trade were Berber nomads of North Africa
What was traded?:
Salt, Ivory, Slaves, Gold, Helped the spread of Islam
Muslim traders not only exchanged salt, but their religion

5. Trans-Saharan Trade Trans-Saharan trade route
Linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world with West Africa

6. Trans-Saharan Trade Made possible by the CAMEL!
Camels were first introduced by N. African group called Berbers in 4th century
As many as 5,000 camels
Hundreds of people
Travelling at night
Length of journey = about 70 days
15-20 miles walked per day

7. Trans-Saharan Trade
New wealth and resources from trans-Saharan trade allowed some regions to construct large empires or city- states
Between 500 and 1600 CE
Major empires = Mali, Ghana, and Songhai

8. Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO
The dominant network of trade in the post-classical period
Replaced the Silk Road as the major network in terms of the volume of trade, the number of people involved, and the interaction of various cultures
Monsoon winds were still essential to the function of this trade network
Diverse merchants spent entire seasons in cosmopolitan port cities
Caused diffusion and cultural/religious tolerance

9. Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO
This trade network was not dominated nor controlled by a particular empire or group

10. Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO

11. Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO
timber, ivory, spices, cotton textiles, and other bulk items still major items of trade
New items from Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa now involved
Such as gold, diamonds, and exotic animals now involved

12. Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO
New technologies further increased trade
China introduce the compass and the Junk Ship
Islamic merchants made advancements to the Dhow Ships and Lateen sails and introduce astrolabe

13. Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO
Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia became incredibly wealth from spice trade and spread Buddhism across the Indian Ocean
Islam was spread into Southeast Asia by merchants
China reemerged as major economic power and shifted attention away from the Silk Road and exported porcelain

14. Chinese Junk Ship

15. Swahili Coast Bantu peoples populate coast
Swahili is an Arabic term meaning “coasters.”
The introduction of various traditions such as Islam helped to shape the character of the Swahili Coast
Bantu peoples populate coast
Swahili (“coasters”) engage in trade with Arabs
Introduce Arabic language and Islamic art/culture
Language a form of Bantu, influenced by Arabic

16. Swahili Coast
By the tenth century, Swahili society attracted increasing attention from Islamic merchants
From the interior regions of east Africa, the Swahili obtained and traded gold, slaves, ivory, and exotic local products
In exchange, the Swahili city-states received pottery, glass, and textiles that the Muslim merchants brought from Persia, India, and China

18. Swahili City-States
By the 11th and 12th Century, trade had brought tremendous wealth to coastal east Africa
Mogadishu, Lamu, Malindi, Mombasa, Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mozambique, and Sofala were some of the trade centers
Eventually developed into powerful city-states governed by a king who supervised trade and organized public life in the region

19. Swahili Coast
Islam spread along Eastern coast and merchant activity spread
Bantu-speaking people migrated to coast along with refugees from Oman
By 13th century African trading ports developed along the coast
Swahili (meaning coastal) language and other traits

20. Swahili Coast-East Africa
Islam spread along Eastern coast and merchant activity spread and Muslim ports where established along the Indian Ocean
Bantu-speaking people migrated here along with refugees from Oman
By 13th century African trading ports developed along the coast. These towns shared common Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili (meaning coastal) language and other traits.
Ruled by separate Muslim ruling families
Trade in ivory, gold, slaves, iron, and exotic animals for silks and porcelain
Kilwa most powerful of these port cities
Some Chinese sent good directly to these ports. As late as and 1431 large state sponsored expeditions sailing from China to Africa occurred.

21. Swahili, Land of Zenj
Port cities developed into city-states with their own local governments. Rulers interested in controlling slave trade and not making territorial conquests.
Palace in Kilwa
Cultural hybrid
-Between Arabic
and African
Swahili –bantu and
Arabic words
-Many in-land
Africans not Muslim
-1500 Portuguese