1. Phylum: Chordata Subphylum:Vertebrata
Reptiles/ Amniotes Ch. 26
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum:Vertebrata

2. Order Alligators and crocodiles Rhynchocephailia Squamata Crocodilia
Testudines
Rhynchocephailia
Squamata
Crocodilia
Common example
Turtles and tortoises
Tuataras-found only in New Zealand
Lizards, snakes, and worm lizards
Alligators and
crocodiles

3. Different Orders of Reptiles : small group work Order: Chelonia, Order Rynchocephalia, Order : Squamata, Order Crocodilia
Examples
Digestion
Respiration
Skin
Skeletal system
Circulatory system
Movement
Reproduction methods
Unique Characteristics for that group

4. Digestive System Complete Carnivorous
Have a secondary palate that allows them to breathe while their mouth is full.
Snakes :the upper and lower jaws are moveable on the skull and can move independently.
Like the fish and amphibians, reptiles have a cloaca.

5. Respiratory system: Adult-lungs
Lack a diaphragm so inspiration and expiration are controlled by contraction of the thoracic (chest) muscles.
NO cutaneous respiration
Negative pressure breathing

6. Covered with epidermal scales
skin
Thick and dry
Covered with epidermal scales
Scales contain keratin (a protein that helps prevent water loss)

7. External Anatomy and Skeleton
Ossified (hardened) to support locomotion on land
Snakes and lizards have the temporal arch on the skull reduced or absent
Turtles have a dorsal carapace (shell) to which the ribs are fused

8. Circulation:
Double looped; systemic=to the body pulmonary= to the lungs
Three chambered heart: 2 atria and 1 ventricle
Crocodiles have a 4 chambered heart

9. Temperature Regulation:
Ectothermic
Often bask in the sun

10. Nervous System
Cerebrum: slightly larger than amphibians, associated with improved sense of smell
Cerebellum with optic lobes: slightly larger than amphibians, associated with improved sight and motor coordination
Medulla oblongata: regulates heart rate and respiration
Sight: most have binocular vision which allows for depth perception, Tuataras have an additional parietal eye (a photoreceptor) located mid-dorsally on the head.

11. Nervous System- continued
Nictitating membrane to protect eye
Hearing: not their most developed sense
Smell: have an olfactory receptor in the mouth used to sample airborne chemicals called Jacobson’s organ.

12. Nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid (paste-like).
Excretory System
Have metanephric kidneys (contains many more blood- filtering units called nephrons).
Nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid (paste-like).

13. Reproductive System Dioecious and oviparous (lay eggs)
Internal fertilization: Copulatory organs
Lay amniotic eggs
Differentiates reptiles, birds and mammals from other vertebrates
have extraembryonic membranes:
amnion-fluid filled cavity for cushioning the embryo
chorion-gas exchange surface resistance to water loss
allantois-metabolic waste stored
yolk sac-food
shell-protection

14. Amniotic Egg= has food supply for embryo, laid on dry land

15. 4 main parts to Amniotic Egg Amniotes- Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals
Allantois- respiration/ excretory/ storage for excretory
Yolk sac- nutrition
Amnion- protection
Shell- protection

16. Skull subclasses
lizards, snakes, crocodiles and tuataras, have upper and lower openings in the temporal region (yellow) of the skull, shows relationship to birds.
Diapsid: :
Anapsid: turtles, lack openings in the temporal region (yellow) of the skull. .

17. Synapsid: alligators, have a single opening in the temporal region of the skull, shows relationship to mammals