2. PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 14 Homeland Security Homeland Security Building Layout Specific CBR Attack Prevention Recommendations Securing Outdoor- Air Intakes Ventilation and Filtration Emergency Plans, Policies, and Procedures

3. PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 14 Homeland Security Homeland Security Building Layout Specific CBR Attack Prevention Recommendations Securing Outdoor- Air Intakes Ventilation and Filtration Emergency Plans, Policies, and Procedures

4. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Because the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) houses the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the DHS is responsible for preparedness, response, and recovery to natural disasters as well as man-made events.

5. Chapter 14–Homeland Security A CBR attack employs chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) agents to strike a building or area.

6. Chapter 14–Homeland Security The airflow patterns and dynamics in a building are of particular concern, specifically the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of a building as an entry point and distribution system for hazardous contaminants, particularly CBR agents.

7. Chapter 14–Homeland Security When sufficient questions or surprises arise from a building walk-through, an independent evaluation by a qualified HVAC professional is used to establish a useful baseline.

8. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Poorly executed efforts and security measures to protect a building from a CBR attack can have adverse effects on a buildings indoor air quality.

9. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Physical security measures such as locking the doors to mechanical rooms are low cost, but other physical security measures such as increased security personnel or packaged X- ray equipment are more costly.

10. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Securing the outdoor-air intakes is a critical line of defense in limiting an external CBR attack on a building. Outside-air intakes must be located to allow for security.

11. Chapter 14–Homeland Security When relocation of outdoor-air intakes is not feasible, intake extensions can be used to extend or enclose intakes in order to improve security without creating adverse effects on HVAC system performance.

12. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Outside-air intakes have hoods sloped at 45° and a mesh screen that is used to prevent objects from being thrown into the intake.

13. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Perimeter barriers such as iron fencing or other barriers that do not obscure visual detection of terrorist activities prevent public access to outdoor-air intake areas.

14. Chapter 14–Homeland Security All outdoor-air intake buffer zones must be monitored by physical security, closed-circuit television (CCTV), security lighting, or intrusion-detection sensors.

15. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Access to secure areas of a building must be strictly controlled by key locks, keycards, or key-coded doors with the access to keys, keycards, and key codes strictly maintained.

16. Chapter 14–Homeland Security To prevent the widespread dispersion of a contaminant released within a buildings lobby, mailroom, or loading dock area, the HVAC system for these areas must be isolated.

17. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Return-air grills must be inaccessible yet in an observable location, have increased security presence via more security personnel or security cameras, and have all furniture and visual obstructions removed from areas near return-air grills.

18. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Information on building mechanical, electrical, vertical transport, fire and life-safety, and emergency operation systems must be strictly controlled.

19. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Many building automation systems have the capability to regulate airflow and pressures or shut down an HVAC system within a building in the event of an outdoor CBR emergency.

20. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Manipulation of a buildings HVAC system could minimize the spread of a CBR agent. Building personnel must be trained to recognize a terrorist attack quickly and to know when to initiate certain control measures, such as maintaining pressure in stairwells, unless the stairwell is known to be the source of the CBR agent.

21. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Particulate air filters used for biological and radiological particles are not effective for gases and vapors typically used in chemical attacks. Gases and vapors require adsorbent filters that contain activated carbon or another adsorbent-type medium.

22. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Filter efficiency increases as a filter loads with contaminants.

23. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Nonducted return-air systems commonly use hallways or spaces above dropped ceilings as return-air paths or plenums.

24. Chapter 14–Homeland Security Damper and smoke damper leakage ratings are available from manufacturers specifications, Underwriters Laboratory (UL), and the Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc. (AMCA).

25. Chapter 14–Homeland Security A shelter-in-place is a small, interior room of a building with few or no windows where individuals can take refuge.