1. Chapter 3

2. The Roman Alphabet

3. Pronunciation. v = w. villa, via. ae = ī. terrae, puellae. qu = kw
Pronunciation v = w villa, via ae = ī terrae, puellae qu = kw quo, quem ē = ā sedē, manetē i= yuh Iulius, iam ī = ē lībera, servī c = k Caesar, carrus

4. puella puellae puellam
Latin is an inflected language - that is the endings show part of speech rather than word placement
puella puellae puellam

5. The girl likes the boy.
Puella puerum amat.
Puerum puella amat.
Amat puella puerum.
The boy likes the girl.
Puer puellam amat.
Puellam puer amat.
Amat puer puellam.

6. Reading and Understanding Latin

7. Try to grasp the meaning of each Latin word in the order in which it appears in the sentence. Do not jump around. Your goal is to understand Latin as the Romans did.

8. If you cannot understand the meaning of a Latin word, try to connect its spelling with an English word you know. aqua = aquatic having to do with water aqua = water

9. Be attentive to not only the meaning of every word in a Latin sentence but also to its form (spelling) and position: puella= girl puellae = girls

10. The meaning of Latin words depend greatly on its exact spelling
The meaning of Latin words depend greatly on its exact spelling. A change in the form of a Latin word (inflection) almost always results in a change in the meaning. In Latin, word position is more important for emphasis than for meaning.
Puella in agris ambulat The girl walks in the fields.
Puellae in agris ambulant The girls walk in the fields.

11. Latin does not have the articles a, an or the You must supply them
Girl likes boy.
The girl likes the boy.

12. persons, places, things, ideas, states or qualities
What is a noun?
persons, places, things, ideas, states or qualities
boys, kitchen, pencil, love, independent, beauty

13. What is meant by number?
singular or plural

14. coins

15. are easier to count when put in groups

16. What is a declension of nouns?
a grouping that shares the same spelling pattern

17. manus
dies
puella
puella
arbor
manus
arbor
servus
puella
dies
manus
servus
dies
servus
arbor

18. Five Declensions of Nouns 1st:
Five Declensions of Nouns 1st: puella, puellae 2nd: servus, servi 3rd: arbor, arboris 4th: manus, manus 5th: dies, diei

19. -a -ae puella puellae -us -i servus servi -r* puer pueri -t -nt ridet
declension
singular
plural
1st -a
-ae
puella
puellae
2nd
-us -i
servus
servi
-r*
puer
pueri
verbs -t
-nt
ridet
rident
*puer, vir and ager are also 2nd declension nouns

20. Cornelia est puella Romana.
Cornelia is a Roman girl.
Cornelia et Flavia sunt puellae Romanae.
Cornelia and Flavia are Roman girls.
Davus est servus.
Davus is a slave.
Multi servi in agris laborant.
Many slaves work in the fields.

21. Marcus est puer Romanus.
Marcus is a Roman boy.
Marcus et Sextus sunt pueri Romani.
Marcus and Sextus are Roman boys.
Cornelius est vir Romanus.
Cornelius is a Roman man.
Viri Romani in Italiā habitant.
The Roman men live in Italy.

22. Activity 1: Change from singulars to plurals 1. amicus Romanus 2
Activity 1: Change from singulars to plurals 1. amicus Romanus 2. villa rustica 3. vir solus 4. pictura Romana 5. servus defessus 6. Puella ridet. 7. Puer est iratus. 8. Puella est irata.

23. Activity 2: Change from plurals to singulars 1. amicae defessae 2
Activity 2: Change from plurals to singulars 1. amicae defessae 2. servi irati 3. puellae Romanae 4. viri defessi 5. villae vicinae 6. Viri clamant. 7. Puellae sunt strenuae. 8. Pueri sunt strenui.

24. Activity 3: Circle the correct form and translate the sentence. 1
Activity 3: Circle the correct form and translate the sentence Marcus et Sextus in eādem villā _____ habitat/habitant Davus vir Britannicus _____ est/sunt In agris laborant _____ servus/servi Pueri et puellae saepe _____ gemit/currit/currunt

25. 5. In agris sunt multi _____. puella/servus/servi 6
5. In agris sunt multi _____ puella/servus/servi In Italiā habitat _____ Marcus et Sextus/Marcus/puellae Marcus et Sextus sunt pueri _____. Romanus/Romani/Romanae Cornelia et Flavia sunt puellae _____. Romanus/Romani/Romanae Aurelia est femina _____ Romanus/Romani/Romana Davus non _____ ridet/rident