1. Changes in quantity demanded
Price changes of the commodity in question cause changes in quantity demanded that are usually opposite in direction. (-)
The reasons for the price changes along the demand curve include:
Shifts in market supply
Unit taxes on price: p = p+t

2. MOVEMENTS ALONG THE DEMAND CURVE: Changes in quantity demanded
Price A B
Market Demand
Quantity

3. Changes in Market Demand
Changes in the number of consumers
Income Changes (+)
Changes in the prices of related goods: substitutes (+) or complements (-)
Changes in preferences (+)
Changes in consumer expectations (?)
Changes in distribution of commodities (?)
Ad-valorem taxes: sales taxes (-)

4. SHIFTS OF THE MARKET DEMAND CURVE: Changes in MARKET DEMAND
Price
A lower demand
increase
decrease
B higher demand
Quantity

5. Changes in quantity supplied
Price changes of the commodity in question cause changes in quantity supplied that are usually in the same direction. (+)
The reasons for the price changes along the supply curve include:
Shifts in market demand

6. MOVEMENTS ALONG THE SUPPLY CURVE: Changes in quantity supplied
Price
Market Supply B A
Quantity

7. Changes in Market Supply
Changes in the number of producers or in competition terms
Changes in technology of production
Changes in company structure: Economies of scale and economies of scope.
Changes in the cost of factors of production.
Prices of substitutes and complements
Expectations about future supply and demand
Taxes and regulations

8. SHIFTS IN THE MARKET SUPPLY CURVE: Changes in MARKET SUPPLY
Price
A lower market supply
B higher market supply
increase
decrease
Quantity