1. By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
The French Revolution
"Liberal" Phase:
By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

2. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity…
-- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

3. Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI
The French Monarchy:
Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

4. Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children

5. Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant Cottage”

6. Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant Cottage”

7. 1,600,000 livres [$100 million today]
The Necklace Scandal
1,600,000 livres [$100 million today]
Cardinal Louis René Édouard de Rohan
The Countess de LaMotte

8. Let Them Eat Cake!
“Madame Deficit”
“The Austrian Whore”

9. French Budget, 1774

10. Where is the tax money?

11. Financial Problems in France, 1789
Urban Commoner’s Budget:
Food %
Rent %
Tithe %
Taxes %
Clothing 20%
TOTAL 170%
King’s Budget:
Interest %
Army %
Versailles 25%
Coronation 10%
Loans %
Admin %
TOTAL %

12. The French Urban Poor

13. Socio-Economic Data, 1789

14. Ancien Regime Map, 1789

15. Convening the Estates General May, 1789
Last time it was called into session was 1614!

16. The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates
Clergy
1st Estate 1
Aristocracy
2nd Estate 1 1
Commoners
3rd Estate

17. The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head!
Clergy
1st Estate
300
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
300
648
Commoners
3rd Estate

18. Europe on the Eve of the French Revolution

19. “The Third Estate Awakens”

20. “The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789

21. Lettres de Cachet
The French king could warrant imprisonment or death in a signed letter under his seal.
A carte-blanche warrant.
Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000 during the reign of Louis XV!
Eliminated in 1790.

22. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789

23. Revolutionary Paris, 1789

24. The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt
July 20, 1789

25. March of the Women, October 5-6, 1789
We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!

26. Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité!
National Constituent Assembly
Liberté!
Egalité!
Fraternité!
August Decrees (August 4-11, 1789)
Equality & Meritocracy

27. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
August 26, 1789

28. The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris.
The Tricolor (1789)
The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris.
Citizen!

29. 83 Revolutionary Departments
February 26, 1790

30. Planting the Tree of Liberty
1790

31. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy Jurying vs. Non-Jurying Clergy
July 12, 1790
Jurying vs. Non-Jurying Clergy

32. They were backed by the sale of Church lands.
Assignats
They were backed by the sale of Church lands.

33. Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

34. The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government
The king got the “suspensive” veto [which prevented the passage of laws for 4 years] * he could not pass laws * his ministers were responsible for their own actions.
A permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly * had the power to grant taxation.
An independent judiciary.
“Active” Citizen vs. “Passive” Citizen.

35. Louis XVI Tried to Escape to Varennes, 1791

36. The Cordeliers
The Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Organized in 1790.
It provided a political base for Danton and Marat.
It eventually drifted to the extreme left after Marat’s death.
Taken over by Jacques Réne Hébert and the Hébertists, who controlled the Paris Commune.
Called for the deposition of the king.

37. The Champs de Mar Massacre (July 17, 1791)
Led by the Cordeliers.
Put down by the Marquis de Lafayette and the newly-created National Guard.
1757 – 1834

38. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES
“Hist210—Europe in the Age of Revolutions.”
“Liberty, Fraternity, Equality: Exploring the French Revolution.”
Matthews, Andrew. Revolution and Reaction: Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
“The Napoleonic Guide.”