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Standing Waves http://makezine.com/2012/04/10/artwork-visualizes-standing-waves/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3ylDi34GLg.

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Presentation on theme: "Standing Waves http://makezine.com/2012/04/10/artwork-visualizes-standing-waves/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3ylDi34GLg."— Presentation transcript:

1 Standing Waves

2 Standing Wave Recall that interference happens when waves overlap each other. One special case of this occurs when a wave overlaps a wave moving in the opposite direction. When this happens, a standing wave (shown below) is created.

3 Standing Wave In the following animation, the yellow wave represents that original wave and the white wave represents that reflected wave. The pink wave represents the observed standing wave which is the addition of the original wave and the reflected wave.

4 Click on picture to go to website
Making a standing wave Click on picture to go to website

5 Parts of a Standing Wave
Nodes: areas where the two waves always add up to zero amplitude; always destructive interference. These are points where the medium does not move.

6 Parts of a Standing Wave
Antinodes: areas where waves alternate between destructive and constructive interference

7 Standing Wave The following is the resulting standing wave.

8 1st Harmonic , Fundamental Frequency
Harmonics 1st Harmonic , Fundamental Frequency (One 1/2 wave) 2nd Harmonic (Two 1/2 waves) 3rd Harmonic (Three 1/2 waves) 4th Harmonic (Four 1/2 waves) 5th Harmonic (Five 1/2 waves)

9 Harmonics Let’s go in the hall and look at standing waves.
These drawings are static representations of standing waves. They show the envelope of movement for each harmonic. Let’s go in the hall and look at standing waves.

10 Click on the picture for video
Harmonics in 2D Sound waves travel in all directions meaning that we can make standing sound waves in more than just one dimension. One way to visualize this is using a Chladni plate. Click on the picture for video

11 Harmonics Every length of string or length of tube in an instrument or energy level in an atom has a specific fundamental frequency and therefore different harmonics. Watch the following video: Click on the picture to go to video

12 Harmonics Now listen to the harmonics of a trombone at different positions (different lengths of tubing). Tube Length 1 Tube Length 2 (Different notes because of different wavelengths

13 Standing Waves Created by Multiple Harmonics
Click on picture to go to website

14 Tomorrow’s Lab Tomorrow we are going to measure the speed of sound using tuning forks and PVC pipe.

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