1. How Minerals Form

2. From magma or lava Atoms form crystal structures as they cool
Crystals from magma deep in the ground tend to be large because of slow cooling
Crystals from magma near the surface and lava tend to be small because of quick cooling

3. Minerals from solution
When the elements and compounds that are dissolved in water leave a solution, crystallization occurs

4. Minerals from solution
Evaporites – minerals that form when water evaporates and leaves crystals behind

5. Minerals from hot solution
Veins – narrow channel or slab of mineral that is different than the surrounding rock
Veins are formed from minerals dissolved in very hot water and crystallize in the cracks of rock.

6. Classifying Minerals

7. Mineral Groups Most minerals are made from only 8 elements O Si Al Fe
Ca Na K Mg

8. There are 12 rock forming minerals
Feldspar Quartz
Calcite

9. Minerals are classified by their composition
Silicates – Si, O (Most common)
Carbonates – C with 3 O
Sulfates – S with four O

10. Halides – contains Cl, F, I, Br
Oxides – O with another element
Sulfides – S with another element
Native Elements

11. Classify each into a mineral group
Carbonate
Silicate
Sulfide
Native element
Sulfate
Halide
Siderite (FeCO3) Talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) Cinnabar (HgS) Silver (Ag) Barite (BaSO4) Enstatite (MgSiO3) Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2) Sylvite (KCl)