1. DO NOT UNPACK YOUR THINGS! Sit quietly and wait for further instruction

3. Water

4. 71% of the Earth is Covered in Water
Although water covers over 70 percent of the Earth, less than 1 percent (0.3%) is available as freshwater for human use.
The vast majority of the water on this “blue planet” is found in the ocean, and is salt-water. It is unusable to us.
Of the freshwater available on Earth, about two-thirds is frozen in ice caps and glaciers, which leaves only a small fraction accessible for human use.

5. Freshwater
Surface water - such as that in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams—is the primary water source for humans (0.3%)
Groundwater - water underground in aquifers (highly permeable rocks, soil, and sand)—can be extracted through wells or found as springs. This is NOT our primary source!

6. Why not use Salt Water? TOO EXPENSIVE!!!
Can cost over $1,000 per acre-foot to desalinate (unsalt) seawater to make it available for human use.

7. Did you know?
There is the SAME water on Earth as there was when the Earth was formed. The water from your faucet could contain molecules that dinosaurs drank.
HOW is that possible?

8. The Water Cycle
Water is constantly being renewed in the water cycle!

9. My Life Cycle

10. As the sun warms the water I EVAPORATE and become a gas.

11. When rising I group with other water molecules because of the cool air to form clouds. CONDENSATION

12. Cool air at the top of the mountain prevents me from going higher
Cool air at the top of the mountain prevents me from going higher. I fall to the ground in the form of PRECIPITATION

13. Into streams, rivers, lakes and oceans!
I RUNOFF
Into streams, rivers, lakes and oceans!
I RUNOFF into
Streams, lakes
And the ocean

14. I may also
INFILTRATE
The soil.

15. “I sometimes TRANSPIRE out of a Plant!”

16. “Yep, even those plants.”

17. A short Water Cycle Video

18. The Water Cycle Rap

20. Water Cycle Vocabulary Terms

21. Evaporation
The turning of liquid water into a gas

22. Transpiration
Water evaporating from plant leaves

23. Condensation
Water turning from a gas into a liquid

24. Precipitation
Water falling back to Earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail

25. Runoff
Water flowing over the Earth’s surface

26. Infiltration
Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the ground surface.
Will only happen if there is room available for additional water in the soil.
If no room is available,
then runoff occurs.

27. Percolation
The movement of water through the soil

28. Humans affect the cycle…
Create dams and reservoirs for use, irrigation, electricity

29. Ground Water
Where is it located?
How does it get there?

30. Where is ground water located?
When precipitation hits the soil where does the water go?
The water moves into the spaces between the particles of sand.
Groundwater is stored in--and moves slowly through--layers of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers.

31. How does the water get into the soil?
Infiltration and Percolation

32. Porosity & Permeability
Porosity – percent of rock that contains pore spaces.
Permeability – the measure of ability to transmit fluids.

33. Porosity and Permeability

34. Aquifers
The area where water fills the aquifer is called the saturated zone.
The top of this zone is called the water table.

35. The Water Table
The water table may be located only a foot below the ground’s surface or it can sit hundreds of feet down.

36. How can ground water be used?
Water in aquifers is brought to the surface naturally through a spring or can be discharged into lakes and streams.
Groundwater can also be extracted through a well drilled into the aquifer.
Groundwater supplies are replenished, or recharged, by rain and snow melt.

37. Water Use How much water does it take to produce… 1 slice of bread?
More than 10 gallons
1 cotton T-shirt?
More than 713 gallons
1 gallon of milk?
1000 gallons
634 gallons  
1 hamburger?

38. Water Shortages
In some areas of the world, people face serious water shortages because groundwater is used faster than it is naturally replenished.
In other areas groundwater is polluted by human activities.

39. No Access to safe drinking water
Did you know…American residents use about 100 gallons of water per day per person.
Residents of sub-Saharan Africa use only 2-5 gallons of water per day

40. Clean Water

41. Water Diseases

42. The future of water?!?
Why should you care?

43. Generally. . .You can survive
3 minutes without oxygen
3 days without water
3 weeks without food
Unless you are Superman!

44. You are 70 % water

45. Bottled Water – Friend or Foe?
If you drink your daily recommended 8 glasses of water per day from the tap, it will cost you about 50 cents per year.
If you choose to drink it from water bottles, it will cost you about $1,400 dollars.
More than 25% of bottled water comes from a municipal water supply, the same place that tap water comes from.

47. Quiz Vocabulary Water Cycle Condensation Precipitation Transpiration
Evaporation
Runoff
Uptake
Infiltration
Aquifer
Water Table
Ground Water
Percolation
Porosity
Permeability

48. Do Now
What percentage of the Earth is water? Of that percentage, how much is available for human use?
Why is sea water essentially useless for human use?
Describe infiltration and percolation.
Explain the two sources of freshwater. Which of these sources do humans rely on the most?
What is a water table?
Define porosity and permeability.