1. PRESENT TENSES

2. Present Simple Affirmative Subj + Verb (- (e)s) + Obj Negative
Structure
Affirmative
Subj + Verb (- (e)s) + Obj
Negative
Subj + do(es) + not + Verb (infi) + obj
Interrogative
Do(es) + Subj + Verb (infi) + obj ?
Examples
I live in Barcelona.
He doesn´t live in Barcelona.
Do you live in Barcelona?

3. Uses Facts and states 1. The Earth goes around the sun.
2. The sun sets in the west.
Habits and repeated actions
1. Lucas gets up at 7 o’clock.
2. She walks to school every day.
Permanent situations
1. Maria lives in Buenos Aires.
2. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton.

4. Present Continuous Structure Affirmantive
Subj + am/is/are + Verb+ing + obj
Negative
Subj + am/is/are + not + Verb+ing + obj
Interrogative
Am/is/are + Subj + Verb+ing + obj ?
Examples
I am working.
He is not working.
Are you working?

5. Uses Actions happening at the moment of speaking. (now)
1. I am writing an to a costumer.
2. Marry is on the phone. She’s speaking to someone.
Temporary situations
We usually have dinner at home, but today we’re eating out.
Actions that are scheduled in the future with a time reference
1. I’m meeting Barbara tonight.

6. Present Perfect Simple
Structure
Affirmative
Subj + Have/Has + Verb p. participle + obj
Negative
Subj + Have/Has + not + Verb p. participle + obj
Interrogative
Have/Has + Subj + Verb p. participle + obj ?
Examples
He has bought a lot of new clothes.
Jonathan has climbed mount Everest.

7. Uses
Situation which started in the past and has an effect in the present
1. I’ve lost my keys, so I can’t leave the house.
2. He has started again the gym, that’s why he’s so tired.
A present situation that started in the past
1. They have owned different restaurant for several years.
2. She has lived in Tokyo since 1998.
Live experiences
1. I’ve visited New York three times.
2. They have done yoga on several occasions.

8. Present Perfect Continuous
Structure
Affirmative
Subj + Have/Has + Been + Verb+ing + obj
Negative
Subj + Have/Has + not + Been + Verb+ing + Obj
Interrogative
Have/Has + Subj + Been + Verb+ing + obj ?
Use: Continuous actions that started in the pastand continue to the present
Examples
I’ve been playing.
She hasn’t been listening to me.
Has she been reading?