1. Climate
Factors

2. Latitude
During the equinox on or about September 22 and again on March 21, Earth is aligned so that both hemispheres are equal distances from the sun. Days and nights will be equal all over Earth at 12 hours each.

3. This is what it would look like
At the equator, the sun
shines on Earth at a 90ᴼ
angle.
At 45ᴼ latitudes, the sun
shines on Earth at a 60ᴼ
angle.
Near the poles, the sun
shines on Earth at a 30ᴼ
angle.

7. Air Flow
Narrow regions of air travel in west to east flowing jet streams about 12 km above the surface of Earth just under the tropopause.
These winds are fast moving currents of air that run for several thousand miles but are relatively thin. They move in a wavy pattern following the contours of low and high pressure areas.
This wavy path changes positions with the seasons. During the winter months, jet streams are stronger because Polar Regions become colder, but the temperature near the equator stays about the same.

8. Making Model of Air Flow-Jet Stream

9. Jet Stream
Jet streams form over areas where the temperature contrasts are the greatest.
They are found over the subtropical high zones and the sub-polar lows.
The air flows in consistent patterns within Earth’s upper atmosphere.
At approximately 30 degrees North and South latitude, the subtropical high pressure zone forms.
At about 60 degrees North and South latitude the subpolar lows develop. This is due to the interaction of the cold polar air and the warm moist subtropical air masses.

10. Importance of jet Streams
Jet streams impact weather on Earth. These strong winds move weather patterns around the world.
Meteorologists use the motion of the jet stream to help forecast future weather events.
Jet streams bring cool, polar air down from the north and warm, tropical air up from the south.
If the ridge of the jet stream is sitting over you, it is generally warm and dry. If the trough is sitting under you, it is generally very cold and snowy or rainy.