1. Section 3: The War Moves South

2. Introduction Kings Mountain
1,200 Loyalists killed, injured or imprisoned
South Carolina
1780
Patriots gained a major victory for the South

3. War in the South Moore’s Creek Bridge February 27, 1776 North Carolina
Patriots defeat Loyalists
Importance
Patriots gain strength, popularity and confidence

4. Why are the British Going South?
France entered the war in 1778
Britain wants to make a deal
Offer Americans everything but independence
We turned them down
More Loyalist supporters could win more battles
3 years – British marched through Georgia, Carolinas and Virginia without a major defeat
1-2 What is Great Britain admitting with this action?

5. Arnold Joins the British
Benedict Arnold
Caught spying for the British
1780, he tried to turn fort at West Point over to the British
Patriots intercepted a message to the British in Arnold’s handwriting
He became a British General

6. Arnold Joins the British

7. Patriot Raids Patriots defeated in South Carolina Hit and run raids
Want revenge
Hit and run raids
Patriots attack British camps in the countryside
Not on the battlefield
Who were the raiders?
Skilled hunters
Shot well
Could easily survive in the wilderness

8. The “Swamp Fox” Francis Marion Led a band of organized raiders
Imaginative war tactics and successful
Quick strikes cut off enemy supplies and supply routes
Struck at night for surprise
Very sneaky
Never slept in the same place twice
Scouts hid in treetops
Covered bridges with blankets so horse hooves would be quiet

9. The Battle of Cowpens January 17, 1781
Nathaniel Greene was the American officer in charge of the South
Considered to be Washington’s best General
Hit and run raids
Daniel Morgan defeats Cornwallis in South Carolina

10. Battle of Guilford Courthouse
March 15, 1781
Morgan and Greene Vs. Cornwallis
Bloody battle but Cornwallis drives Patriots away
Peter Francisco
Born in Portugal
As a young child, taken from his family, abandon in Virginia
6’6”, 260 pounds
Fought in the Virginia militia
Killed 11 British with his sword
Left for dead, recovered, fought at Yorktown

11. African Americans and the War
2.5 million colonists at the start of the war
½ million were African Americans

12. Both Sides Encourage Enlistment
British offered slaves freedom if they fought for them
Americans encourage enlistment
5,000 served as soldiers, minutemen, scouts, guards, sailors, spies, laborers, fifers, and drummers
Jack Sisson – raided Newport
James Armistad – spy
Salem Poor – commended for skill as a soldier

13. Fighting for Freedom African Americans were fighting for their freedom
Northern states attempted to end slavery
Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania
Virginia passed laws to free ex-soldiers
Most slave holders did not free them

14. Women and the War Women helped with the war effort
Ran family farms and businesses
Helped at army camps
Cooked, sewed, nurses, carried ammunition
Made soap
Gathered rags
Bandages, made coats and shirts
Made bullets
Melted down metal cups and pitchers

15. Women and the War Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley Lydia Darragh – spy
“Molly Pitcher”
Carried water pitchers to men on the battlefield
Helped wounded men to stretchers
Battle of Monmouth
Fired a cannon in husbands place
Received a pension 40 years later
$50 per year
Lydia Darragh – spy
Mercy Otis Warren – wrote newspaper articles