1. Cluster 1.3 *The Northwest = area north and west of Lake Superior
How did First Peoples and Europeans interact in the Northwest, and what were the results?
*The Northwest = area north and west of Lake Superior

2. The Beaver Why put a beaver on your head?
Beaver fur was scraped from the skin to be molded into a hat shape (in Europe)
These hats were a mark of status (a farmer would wear something more practical and less expensive)
Beavers had been trapped to near extinction in Europe, North American beavers are larger
English saw French success in business; competition in Europe and colonies now spread to North America too!

3. Radisson and Groseilliers
1654, coureurs de bois Medard Chouart des Groseilliers and Pierre Esprit Radisson made a trip to Lake Superior
First Nations told them of even better supply of furs by Hudson Bay.
1659, returned to Montreal with plan to set up post on Hudson Bay to reduce cost
One fined, one thrown in jail for trading without a license

4. Radisson and Groseilliers, 1668
With no support from Nouvelle France, R &G went to the British king, Charles II
Prince Rupert organized finances for the approved voyage
Nonsuch and Eaglet set sail in June 1668
Radisson’s Eaglet turned back, Nonsuch reached Rupert River, Eaglet and returned to England

5. HBC & Rupertsland
The men were finally granted their “Charter May 2nd, 1670
The Hudson Bay watershed was their territory
Area named “Rupert’s Land” after King’s cousin & first governor of Company
Legal and trading powers over area
Administrative and judicial control
Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay

6. HBC

7. Governor and committee and Indentured servants
Ordered trade goods, hire men, making shipping arrangements etc. Each fort was commanded by a. Chief factor (head trader) but the real ‘adventurers’ were the Baymen. –Indentured servants-Orkney Islands-harsh climate excellent boat handling skills, hard workers.

8. Monopoly over Rupert's land
Enormous –in theory In reality they controlled a small area near the HB
HBC waited along Hudson Bay for First Nations to come to their posts with furs; they believed that there was no need to move if steady supply continued. (not a smart idea…..)
Because, French more likely to travel to meet trade partners

9. Down by the bay…
Confined its trading posts along the Bay, the HBC’s ‘mission’ was to see the Northwest Passage, if not forgotten along the way, was def. 2ndary to the highly profitable fur trade.

10. The Fur Trade
HBC developed trade with Ininimowin (Swampy Cree); had to change packaging, make items lightweight, etc.
Annual trading sessions-ceremonial the fort to show that they will be back with the furs. Trade relations which both benefited………at first.