1. COUNSELLING AND GUIDANCE by Prof. R. P
COUNSELLING AND GUIDANCE by Prof. R.P.Singh Professor Department of Psychology B.A. III, & M.A. Sem- I, Paper III: Unit- I,

2. Counseling

4. Outlines of discussion
Meaning of counseling
Definitions of counseling
Types of counseling
Goals of counseling
Meaning of Guidance
Definitions of Guidance
Characteristics of Guidance
Differences of counseling and guidance

5. COUNSELING
What is Counseling?
Counseling is a collaborative effort between the counselor and client. Professionalcounselors help clients identify goals and potential solutions to problems which cause emotional turmoil; seek to improve communication and coping skills; strengthen self-esteem; and promote behavior change and optimal mental health.

6. According to the American Counseling Association, counseling is:
“The application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioral or systemic interventions, strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or career development, as well as pathology.”

7. Definitions of counselling
(1)“If a client cannot understand the nature of the problem, as delineated by the clinician, or if the client cannot act constructively upon the help which is offered by the clinician, than the impressive technical skills have gone for naught” Schum (1986)
Definitions of counselling

8. Counseling is the mutual exploration and exchange of ideas, attitudes, and feelings between a counselor and a client… specifically including
a client’s misperceptions about the disorder
a client’s misperceptions that create emotional overlays affecting self-concept, and
a disparity between a client’s
thoughts & feelings
Cooper (1983)

9. Create atmosphere of trust without censorship
client is never wrong on a feeling level
Focus on person who stutters, not the elimination of stuttering
Emphasize the future, not the past
Help clients prepare for relapse and avoid therapy induced guilt
Encourage clients to become own clinicians
Sheehan (1970)

10. TYPES OF COUNSELING
The type of counseling you choose may depend on your specific needs, personal preferences, and financial resources. The options include the
following:
Individual counseling- This provides a one-on-one interaction with a counselor to talk
about troubling circumstances,
thoughts, and feelings. The
counselor will listen attentively,
express caring concern, ask
questions, and offer feedback.

11. Couples or family counseling -When meeting with a couple or with multiple family members, a counselor listens objectively to all participants and helps identify how specific thoughts and behaviors may be contributing to conflict. Family members learn new ways to support one another during stressful times.

12. Group counseling- A group of individuals with similar concerns may meet together with a counselor who leads the discussion and provides support and guidance. Individuals learn from both the counselor?s insights and the perspectives of the other members of the group.

13. THE GOALS OF COUNSELING
Counseling theorists do not always agree on appropriate counseling goals because they are often general, vague and saturated with implications. However, these are the five most commonly named goals of counseling:
Facilitating behaviour change.
Improving the client’s ability to establish and maintain relationships.
Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and ability to cope.
Promoting the decision-making process and facilitating client potential.
Development.

14. What is Guidance?
Guidance is a concept as well as a process. As a concept guidance is concerned with the optimal development of the individual. As a process guidance helps the individual in self understanding (understanding one‘s strengths, limitations, and other resources) and in self-direction (ability to solve problems, make choices and decision on one‘s own).
“Guidance is a process of helping people make important choices that affect their lives, such as choosing a preferred lifestyle” (Gladding, 2000, pg. 4).

15. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE
“Guidance is an assistance made available by a competent counselor to an individual of any age to help him direct his own life, develop his own point of view, make his own decision & carry his own burden”.
Hamrin & Erikson
“Guidance is a process of helping every individual, through his effort to discover & develop his potentialities for his personal happiness and social usefulness”.
Ruth Strang