1. Introducing Psychology
Define psychology & identify its six approaches.

2. Overview People have always wondered about the mysteries of the mind.
Early 18th century acquired its literal meaning, “the study of the mind.”
Psychology – the scientific study
of behavior and mental processes
Philosophy
Physiology

3. Wilhelm Wundt Consciousness – the awareness of immediate experience
Founder of psychology
The scientific study of conscious experience
Consciousness – the awareness of immediate experience

4. Psychology as a Profession
Clinical Psychologist – diagnoses & treats people with emotional disturbances
Counseling Psychologist – helps people deal
with problems of living in
everyday life
Psychiatry – a branch of medicine
that deals with mental, emotional,
or behavioral disorders

5. Behavior
Observable Behaviors
Unobservable Behaviors

6. Psychoanalytical
Studies how unconscious motives & conflicts determine behavior
Unconscious –thoughts, memories, & desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but exert great influence on behavior
Free association
Sigmund Freud 

7. Behavioral
Analyze how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment
Nature vs. nurture
People are controlled by their environment, not by themselves
Stimulus – any detectable input from the environment
Ivan Pavlov 

8. Behavioral (continued)
“Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes, & they tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes.”
B.F. Skinner 

9. Humanistic
Believe each person has freedom in directing his or her future & achieving personal growth
Behavior is not the result
of the unconscious or
environmental stimuli

10. Cognitive
Study how we process, store, retrieve, & use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior
Behavior is influenced by a variety of mental processes, including perceptions, memories, & expectations
Jean Piaget 

11. Neurobiological
Study how physical & chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

12. Sociocultural
Study the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior