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3. DNA Fingerprinting Botana Curus And misc. DNA Technology Examples of
Genetic
Engineering
Gene Therapy
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4. Whodunnit?

5. Suspect 2
Suspect 2

6. If DNA sample 1 is cut with a “molecular scissor” that recognizes the sequence CCGG and cuts between the middle C and G, how many pieces of DNA are formed?

7. 4
Slide 3

8. Another name for DNA fingerprinting

9. Gel Electrophoresis

10. 1. This attractive force makes the DNA fragments move
2. these DNA fragments move the greatest distance

11. 1. Electrical attraction of opposite charges (DNA has a negative charge and is attracted to the positive end of the gel) Slide 3
2. The smallest DNA fragments move the greatest distance

12. Three applications of DNA fingerprinting

13. Criminal cases (rape, murder)
Paternity cases
Determining the similarity
(relatedness) of different species

14. Process shown here

15. Gene Therapy

16. What is X and why is it important? What is the name of this process?

17. X = virus (vector)
Gene therapy

18. What does chromatography separate?

19. Proteins (in this lab they were pigments)

20. Which is a better way to compare species – with structural or molecular comparisons?
Give two reasons why

21. Molecular
More specific
Species can look different but still be closely related (similar DNA)

22. Say your buddy isn’t convinced that species Z is most closely related to Botana Curus. What are 3 additional molecular tests you can do to try and convince him?

23. Cut the DNA with another enzyme
Slide 3
Cut the DNA with another enzyme
Cut a different DNA sequence from each organism
3. Compare the amino acid sequence of another protein
Slide 3

24. The molecular scissors that cut DNA

25. restriction enzymes

26. the technology of cutting and pasting genes from one species to another

27. genetic engineering

28. Describe the process shown here and an example of why it is done?

29. Inserting a human gene into bacteria so the bacteria will make the human protein Slide 3

30. What does a vector do?

31. It carries the DNA (gene) and delivers it into cells

32. If DNA sample 1 is cut with a “molecular scissor” that recognizes the sequence CCGG and cuts between the middle C and G, how many pieces of DNA are formed?

33. 4

34. What are three applications of cutting and pasting genes?

35. produce proteins needed to fight disease, clot blood
increase food supply
gene therapy
new vaccines
new varieties of plants and animals with desired traits

36. First human protein produced by bacteria

37. insulin

38. 2 proteins produced by recombinant DNA

39. Insulin
Human growth hormone
Factor VIII
Interferon

40. Three examples of transgenic animals

41. Giant Salmon Enviropig Cows that fight mastitis glowfish oncomouse knockout mice

42. 4 examples of transgenic plants

43. Insect-resistant corn Tomato with antifreeze gene
Glow plants
Edible vaccines
Insect-resistant corn
Tomato with antifreeze gene
Roundup-ready soybeans

44. How can recombinant DNA be used to create a vaccine for HIV?

45. Insert a gene for a HIV coat protein into a harmless virus to make the harmless virus look like HIV

46. Genetic diseases often result from the body’s inability to do this

47. make a protein correctly

48. can be used to insert genes into humans that need them

49. viruses

50. Gene therapy effectively cured this disease in an individual patient

51. SCID – “bubble boy” disease

52. Why can’t bacteria be used as vectors in gene therapy?
How would CRISPR be an improvement if used in gene therapy?

53. They’re alive – infection (reproduce; produce toxic waste)
Specific target for insertion; removes bad gene

54. State three problems/challenges with gene therapy

55. Gene inserted in wrong spot
Allergic reaction to virus
Delivering gene to appropriate cells
Slide 3

56. Final Jeopardy
Make your wager

57. What are four ethical (or other) concerns regarding genetic engineering and gene therapy

58. GM animals or plants outcompeting natural species
Food safety
GM animals or plants outcompeting natural species
Effects on other species (food chain)
Only wealthy can afford gene therapy
Designer babies
Genetic discrimination