1. Chapter 3-1
Matter and Energy

2. Kinetic Theory
Kinetic theory - an explanation of how particles in matter behave.
3 requirements

3. Kinetic Theory
All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, and ions).

4. Kinetic Theory
Particles are in constant, random motion.

5. Kinetic Theory
Particles are colliding with each other and the walls of their container.

7. Solids Definite shape and volume
Crystalline – orderly arrangement of atoms
Amorphous – atoms in no particular pattern

8. Crystalline Solid

9. Amorphous Solid

10. Liquids Change shape but not volume
Surface tension – force acting on the surface of a liquid

11. Surface Tension

16. Thermal Energy Atoms in solids – tightly packed together
Thermal energy in the particles causes them to vibrate in place

17. Gas
Particles are free to move in all directions

20. Plasma
Plasma – state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized
99% of know matter in universe
Electrons stripped off

21. Plasma
Stars
Lightning
Fire
Fluorescent Lights

22. Energy
Energy – the capacity to do work

23. Thermal Energy Thermal Energy – Kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms
Kinetic energy – energy of motion

24. Average Kinetic Energy
Temperature - average kinetic energy of particles in the substance
How fast the particles are moving.

25. Average Kinetic Energy
On average, molecules of frozen water at 0°C will move slower.

26. Average Kinetic Energy
On average, molecules of water at 90°C will move faster.

28. Change of state Endothermic change Exothermic change Requires energy
Melting
Sweating
Exothermic change
Energy released from change
Freezing

29. Evaporation vs Boiling
Boiling - occurs throughout a liquid
Evaporation - occurs at the surface of a liquid

30. Sublimation
Sublimation – process where a solid turns directly to a gas
Ex. old ice cubes or dry ice

31. Condensation
Condensation – change of a substance from a gas to a liquid
Gas comes in contact with a cool surface

32. Conservation of Mass and Energy
Mass can not be created or destroyed
Amount mass and energy stays the same before and after the change

33. States of Matter Clip