1. STATES OF
MATTER

2. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

5. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

6. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

7. STATES OF MATTER GAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Heat

8. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

9. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

10. States of Matter

11. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Solids
Have a definite shape
Have a definite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Molecules are held close together and there is very little movement between them.

12. Liquids
Have an indefinite shape
Have a definite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory:
Atoms and molecules have more space between them than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It is more “fluid”.)

13. Gases
Have an indefinite shape
Have an indefinite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory:
Molecules are moving in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the particles.

14. Kinetic Molecular Model of Water
At 100°C, water becomes water vapor, a gas. Molecules can move randomly over large distances.
Between 0°C and 100 °C, water is a liquid. In the liquid state, water molecules are close together, but can move about freely.
Below 0°C, water solidifies to become ice. In the solid state, water molecules are held together in a rigid structure.

15. Changing States
Changing states requires energy in either the form of heat. Changing states may also be due to the change in pressure in a system.
Heat of formation, Hf.
Heat of vaporization, Hv

16. Will everything just be a gas?
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

17. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Plasma is the
common state
of matter

18. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

19. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

20. 2. Lightning

21. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

22. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

23. 4th state of matter is just extra information
4th state of matter is just extra information. You need not study about plasma for you exams.