1. Lesson 11 Phases of Matter
Everything around is matter
A state of matter is the physical form in which matter exists

2. Phases of Matter There are four states or phases of matter Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. Phases of Matter
Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away.

4. Solids, Liquids, Gases On Earth most matter exists in three states

5. Solids, Liquids, Gases
Liquids:

6. Solids, Liquids, Gases
Gas:

7. Solids, Liquids, Gases
A gas will spread out to occupy all of the space available to it.
Both liquids and gases are referred to as fluids, because both have a tendency to assume the shape of whatever container holds them.

8. States of Matter and Their Properties
Solids, Liquids, Gases
Property
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape
Definite shape
No definite shape
Volume
Definite volume
No definite volume
Particle arrangement
Densely packed
Close
Far apart
Energy binding particles
Very strong
Strong
weak
States of Matter and Their Properties

9. Particles and Phase All matter is made up of
particles called atoms and
molecules.
The arrangement and
motion of the particles that make up a substance determine its state

10. Solids In a solid, particles are packed together quite closely
and the energy binding these particles is very strong.
This prevents the particles from moving about freely.
The particles move by vibrating in their position.

11. Solids
This is what gives a solid a
definite shape and volume *

12. Liquids Particles in a liquid are less densely packed
then those in a solid
The energy binding
the particles of a
liquid is also weaker than that in a solid

13. Liquids Particles in a liquid can move around and slide
past one another.
The movement of the
particles in a liquid prevents a liquid from having a definite shape.
* Liquids do have a definite volume

14. Gases The energy that binds particles in gases together is weak.
This allows the particles to
move freely. *

15. Gases The free movement of gas particles allows a gas to
expand or contract to fit its
container.
As a result, a gas lacks a
definite shape and its
volume is decided by the container that holds the gas.

16. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
When a substance takes in heat, its particles gain energy and move more quickly.
When a substance releases
heat, its particles lose
energy and move more
slowly.

17. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
If enough heat is added or
removed from a substance, a
change in the state of the
substance occurs.
Adding heat to a solid causes
the particles of the solid to gain energy.
* This causes the particles to move faster and farther apart.

18. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
If enough heat is added, the solid
will change to a liquid.
When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid, it is melting
The temperature at which a solid
begins to change to a liquid is called
its melting point.

19. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
Each substance has its own
melting point.
Particles in a liquid also move
faster and spread apart when
heat is added.
At a certain temperature, the
particles gain enough energy that they begin to escape from the liquids surface and change to a gas.

20. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
The process in which a liquid
changes to a gas is called
vaporization.
* The temperature at which a liquid brings vaporizing or changing to a gas is called boiling point

21. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
If heat is removed from a
substance, its particles will
lose energy, move more
slowly and get closer
together.
* This can cause the substance to change states.

22. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
Condensation is the
changing of a
substance from a gas to
a liquid.
The temperature at
which a substance condenses is the same as the temperature at which it boils.

23. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
The difference is in the direction
that the temperature has been
moving, higher (boiling) or
lower (condensing)

24. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
Freezing refers to a change from the liquid state to the solid state.
The temperature at which liquid begins to change into a solid is called freezing point.
The freezing point and melting of a substance are identical.

25. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
The term used depends on in which direction the temperature of the substance has been moving.
During a phases change, the temperature remains constant.
The temperature changes only after all of a substance has changed from one state to another.

26. Heat Affects the Phase of a Substance
The temperature will then rise or fall depending on whether heat is being added or removed from a substance.

27. Plasma The fourth state of matter is plasma.
Plasma is a state of matter
that forms when temperatures are high enough to remove electrons from their atoms. *

28. Plasma Plasma forms when a gas is heated to such a
high temperature that
the electrons in its
atoms gain enough
energy to escape from
their atoms.