1. Electronic Cartographic Materials The Basics
Grace Welch
University of Ottawa
June 21, 2003
MAGERT Workshop

2. Purpose of Session What you need to get started
What is a e-cartographic resource
Brief intro. to GIS and spatial data
Metadata for spatial data
Finding the information for cataloguing
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3. Cartographic e-resources
Electronic atlases such as Encarta Virtual Globe (usually on CD-ROM)
E-atlases are produced by governments or commercially
Provide good information for cataloguing on CD-cover or case
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4. Cartographic e-resources
Geospatial data
“information about the shape, location and attributes of objects in electronic format”
Includes scanned maps, remote sensing images, data from digitizing, from GPS
for use with GIS or image-processing software
More challenging for cataloguing
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5. What is GIS? Geographic Information System
A technology or system which uses computers to enter, store, manage, analyze and present spatial data
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6. What is GIS? brings together databases & graphics
essential components: data, software, hardware, database management and spatial analysis tools and people
GIS is an integrating technology – can explore new relationships and integrate diverse data
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7. GIS pieces
Powerful computers with lots of RAM & storage, peripherals such as plotters, scanners, digitizers
Software: ArcGIS, Intergraph, MapInfo, MapPoint, Idrisi
Skilled operators
Data: “fuel” for GIS, two types
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8. Vector Data Based on x, y coordinates
Points, lines and areas represent geographic entities
Points - buildings, trees, cities
Lines (arcs) - rivers, roads
Polygons = areas - lakes, buildings, forests
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9. Vector: shape plus attribute
Attributes are information about the geographic features or “entities”
stored in tables
city (point): name, population, province
road (line): name, classification, load limits
lake (polygon): name, depth, type of fish, area, etc.
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10. Vector data, example 1
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11. Vector data, example 2
Quaternary Geology of Illinois
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12. Geography linked to description
GIS software links the location data and the attribute data:

13. Sample attribute data
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14. Raster Data pixel, or cell-based stored in rows and columns
satellite imagery,
orthophotos, scanned
images
No attribute data
e.g. GIF, TIFF, JPEG, BMP
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15. Raster: Digital elevation models
DEM is the simplest form of digital representation of topography
Grid of spot heights
Normally ascii or binary format
Becoming more popular because allows 3-D renderings
Can overlay orthophotos or satellite imagery
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16. Format information File extension clue to type
E.g. e00 = ArcInfo Export
Good online resource at GIS Data Depot
Useful because it sub-divides by data type
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17. Degrees in e-resources
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18. Scale in e-resources Less important because of ability to zoom
BUT gives a measure of suitability of dataset for particular purpose
Peter Schweitzer, USGS: dilemma of scale – still a reference point for user community but not in metadata standard
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19. Scale example Same dataset of Ontario displayed at different scales
Dataset suitable for display at provincial scale but not for large scale local or regional applications (look at Toronto Island)
Scale information helps users make decisions about data
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20. Cartographic e-resources
Arrives via:
CD-ROM with printed cover
Diskette/CD-ROM/DVD with hand-drawn label
Downloaded & stored on hard-drive
Attached to an
Or could be a remote resource
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21. Hardware for cataloguers
Minimum specs
large hard drive
CD-ROM drive
large monitor
sound card
128++ MG of RAM (memory)
USGPO specifications (updated annually):
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22. Software for cataloguers
Winzip or other program to decompress zipped files
Web browser
Adobe Acrobat
Draw program to open scanned images
Optional: GIS or image processing software such as ArcView or ERDAS
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23. Getting started: is it cartographic?
LC guidelines:
Consider as cartographic
Scanned images, digital orthophotos or remotely sensed images of earth’s surface
Data producing cartographic images when processed by software (GIS)
Atlases or multi-media atlases where significant aspect is cartographic
code “e” in leader position 06
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24. What do you have to work with?

25. Information from back of case
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26. Geospatial data example
EXP 0 QUAT96.E00 ARC E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E+06
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27. Sources for geospatial data
Title page: what’s that????
CD-ROM cover or liner notes
label on CD-ROM or diskette
readme files on the CD-ROM or diskette
called readme or with extension .txt, .wpd, doc
metadata file
accompanying print manuals
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28. Metadata “data about data”
Describes content, quality, accuracy of data, origins, availability
Who created data set?
When was it created?
What format is it?
How accurate is it?
How do I get the data?
Surrogate for digital data set
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29. Metadata (cont’d) North American standard for geospatial data
Content Standard for Digital Spatial Metadata
(FGDC rev. 1998)
Presidential mandate
Wide variation in types of metadata supplied
Crosswalk available between FDGC standard and MARC
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30. Paper world versus Digital
PRINTED MAP
Cartographer
Scale, projection
Legend
Publisher information
Date
GEOSPATIAL DATASET
Creator
Projection, units of measure, resolution
Entity/attribute info
Source of data
Date
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31. CSDGM overview Provides common set of terminology and definition
Provides framework for description
Adopted by U.S. federal, state and local organizations and Canada
Standard for participation in clearinghouses and warehouses
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32. CSDGM: 7 Major Sections Identification Information
data set title, area covered, keywords, purpose, abstract, access and use restrictions
Data Quality Information
horizontal and vertical accuracy assessment, data set completeness and lineage
Spatial Data Organization Information
raster, vector,
Spatial Reference Information
lat/long, coordinate system, or map projection
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33. CSDGM: 7 Major Sections (cont’d)
Entity and Attribute Information
definitions of the attributes of the data set
Distribution Information
distributor, file format of data, off-line media types, on-line link to data, fees
Metadata Reference Information
who created the metadata and when
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34. CSDGM: 3 Minor Sections Citation Information Time Period Information
originator, title, publication date, publisher
Time Period Information
single date, multiple dates, range of dates
Contact Information
contact person and/or organization, address, phone,
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35. Let’s look at a real example
Preliminary Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California
Available for download at:
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36. Open file download
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37. Cataloguers’ sources Image file (definitely cartographic)
Readme file (explains what constitutes the dataset)
Metadata file (to intrepret the information)
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38. More information USGS web site ESRI web site
Online tutorials (ESRI Virtual Campus)
Online glossaries (Atlas of Canada)
Peter Dana’s web resources:
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39. Thank you
Questions????
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