1. “Perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.”
11/19/2018
Title: Anat & Phys 2/22/07
Objectives: .
Class Topics
Muscle Power Points
Digestive System
Oral cavity
swallowing
esophagus
“Perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.”
Kahlil Gibran
Monday, November 19, :22 PM

2. Class Assignments Muscle Power Point 2/22/07 Due this class period
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Class Assignments
What
By When
Muscle Power Point 2/22/07
Due this class period
Due next class period
Due in the future

3. Coming up Feb 26 Feb 28 March 2 Complete notes of upper GI tract
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Coming up
Feb 26
Complete notes of upper GI tract
Upper GI tract lab
Feb 28
Upper GI tract quiz
Tour de Stomach
March 2
Complete Tour de Stomach
Notes – Stomach, comparative anatomy with respect to digestion of cellulose (test essay topic)

4. From: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_20/27_22.GIF
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From:

5. Steps of digestion 1. Ingestion - place food in mouth
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1. Ingestion - place food in mouth
Conscious control
2. Mechanical processing
mouth - chewing and tearing of food
mastication
stomach - churns food
3. Digestion
breakdown of food into small organic particles
Glucose from carbs, amino acids from protein

6. Steps of digestion 4. Secretion 5. Absorption 6. Elimination
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Steps of digestion
4. Secretion
Enzymes, acids, saliva, buffers, bile
5. Absorption
Movement of organic materials into cells
6. Elimination
Defecation of wastes
Fiber moves you
coprophagy - eating feces - some types of rabbits

7. Histological Organization
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Histological Organization
1. Mucosa
inner lining of tract
secretes mucus
contains endocrine cells
releases into bloodstream, not tract
Highly folded - more surface area
microvilli - small projections to increase surface area
Cells renew every 2-6 days

8. 2. Submucosa Mainly connective tissue
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2. Submucosa
Mainly connective tissue
Blood vessels carry away nutrients
Lymphatic vessels for immune response and fat transport
Exocrine glands
acids, buffers, enzymes
Nerves - autonomic control (unconscious)

9. 3. Muscular Smooth muscle 2 layers Move articles by peristalsis
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3. Muscular
Smooth muscle
2 layers
longitudinal
circular
Move articles by peristalsis

10. 11/19/2018
4. Serosa
Connective tissue
Outer protective covering

11. Tongue Helps in chewing occasionally brings food into mouth
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Tongue
Helps in chewing
occasionally brings food into mouth
Sensory - Temperature, flavor, texture
Frenulum - midline flap of skin under tongue
Skeletal muscle

12. From: http://www.entassociates.com/salivary_glands.htm
11/19/2018
Salivary Glands
Parotid
near zygomatic arch
watery saliva
Sublingual
floor of the mouth
Mostly mucus
Submandibular
Opens in frenulum
Mixture of watery and mucus secretions
From:

13. Teeth (per jaw) Incisors (4) Cuspids (2) Bicuspids (4) Molars (6)
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Incisors (4)
blade shaped - used to tear food
Cuspids (2)
Pointed teeth - used to tear food
Bicuspids (4)
2 points - used to tear and grind food
Molars (6)
4 points - used for grinding
Last set called wisdom teeth
Teeth (per jaw)
From:

14. Teeth 16 teeth per jaw - 32 total (adult) Children - 20 teeth
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Teeth
16 teeth per jaw - 32 total (adult)
Children - 20 teeth
decidious or primary
Covered in enamel (hardest material in the body) with dentin inside (second hardest material in the body)

15. From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html
11/19/2018
From:

16. From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html
11/19/2018
Pharynx
Common region for air and food
Nasopharynx
region of the nasal cavity and pharynx
Oropharynx
region of the oral cavity and pharynx
Laryngopharynx
region of the larynx and pharynx
From:

17. Swallowing 1. Form a bolus against hard palate
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Swallowing
1. Form a bolus against hard palate
soft palate raises to block nasopharynx
2. Epiglottis folds over trachea
3. Bolus pushed toward stomach through esophagus by parastaltic waves
takes 9 seconds to complete (average)
If too dry, secondary contractions push bolus down

18. From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html
11/19/2018
From:
From:

19. Esophagus 24-30 cm tube for transport
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Esophagus
24-30 cm
tube for transport
large folds in mucosa allow for a large bolus to pass
muscle tone keeps lumen shut
Sphincter at end called cardiac (lower esophagael) sphincter

20. Cardiac Sphincter Keeps material in stomach
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Cardiac Sphincter
Keeps material in stomach
heartburn - sphincter not closed
achalasia - sphincter doesn’t open
region of esophagael hernia

21. Upper digestive tract lab
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Upper digestive tract lab
Make sure you use bone snips and work back along the tongue
Get physical with the cat - watch for teeth though!