1. Working with Phases and Properties of Substances
Chapter 3

2. P-v-T diagram

3. P-t diagram (phase diagram)

4. P-v diagram

5. T-v diagram

6. Compressed and saturated liquids
Compressed Liquid: Water stays in the liquid form because it is being compressed. The atmosphere compresses it, and without it, it would all evaporate. (Without adding any heat). Saturated Liquid: A saturated liquid is a liquid that’s able to generate vapor if you add more heat to it. Saturation Pressure: When the pressure inside the vapor bubbles is equal to the pressure that’s compressing the liquid. Saturation Temperature: The temperature of the water when vapor bubbles are formed.

7. From saturated liquid to saturated water
Saturated Vapor: Vapor that is at the same temperature and pressure as a saturated liquid in the boiling process. You can condense it back into a liquid without changing the temperature of pressure by removing heat. The amount of energy required to boil the water completely to a vapor is called the latent heat of vaporization or the enthalpy of vaporization. Condensing water vapor into a liquid takes the same amount of energy as evaporating water into a vapor. The enthalpy of vaporization varies with pressure, and is different for every material.

8. From saturated vapor to superheated vapor
Steam that’s hotter than the saturation temperature is called superheated steam or superheated vapor. As the temperature of a superheated vapor increases, its specific volume also increases as long as the pressure remains constant. Superheated vapor can be dangerous because it can be hot and could burn you, but just because it’s called a superheated vapor doesn’t necessarily mean that it is hot. The air you breathe is a superheated vapor because it is hotter than liquid air at the same pressure.