1. Infinitive Formation Active Passive -isse esse Perfect Present Future
Perfect Stem +
-isse
4th Princ Part +
esse
Present
2nd Principal
Part
2nd PP minus ‘e’ or ‘ere’ (3rd conj) + i
Future
Future Act Partic + esse
Rare: Fut Act Partic +
iri

2. Infinitive Forms of Amo, amare, amavi, amatum
Active
Passive
Perfect
amavisse
amatum/am/os/as/a esse
Present
amare
amari
Future
amaturum/am/os/as/a esse
amaturum/am/os/as/a iri

3. Infinitive Forms of duco, ducere, duxi, ductum
Active
Passive
Perfect
duxisse
ductum/am/os/as/a esse
Present
ducere
duci
Future
ducturum/am/os/as/a esse
ducturum/am/os/as/a iri

4. Indirect Statement
The speaker/writer reports to the reader or listener what he, she, or a character heard someone say, what they saw, thought, felt, believed, knew, hoped, promised, or otherwise perceived.
The speaker / author puts these perceptions into their own words instead of quoting what they heard directly.

5. Verbs of Perception or feeling
audio
sentio
video
nosco
cognosco
dico
scio
puto
11. nuntio 12. spero 13. nego 14. minor 13. polliceor 14. existimo 15. arbitror etc.

6. How to translate the Accusative/Infinitive in Indirect Discourse
Trojanos pervenire audivit.
S/he heard that the Trojans were arriving.
‘Trojanos’ is the Accusative SUBJECT of an indirect statement. You should almost always try to get a ‘THAT’ into your translation of an indirect statement.

8. Infinitive Formation Active Passive -isse esse Perfect Present Future
Perfect Stem +
-isse
4th Princ Part +
esse
Present
2nd Principal
Part
2nd PP minus ‘e’ or ‘ere’ (3rd conj) + i
Future
Future Act Partic + esse
Rare: Fut Act Partic +
iri

9. Infinitives Express Relative Time
Perfect Infinitives happened before the main verb.
Present Infinitives happen at the same time as the main verb.
Future Infinitives happen subsequent the main verb.

10. Test Part I Practice Romanos victuros esse speraverunt.
They hoped that the Romans would win.
Pompeius Caesarem victum esse credidit.
Pompey believed that Caesar had been defeated.
Milites periculum adesse senserunt.
The soldiers sensed that danger was present.

11. Columbus believed that he had arrived at India.
Columbus se ad Indiam advenisse credidit.
2. Cato said that Rome had been destroyed by Caesar.
Cato Romam a Caesare deletam esse dixit.
3. Vespasian thought that he was becoming a god.
Vespasianus se deum fieri putavit.