1. Chapter 16 Notes

2. States of Matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Plasma

3. Solids Particles are closely packed
Most solids have a specific geometric arrangement
Have a definite shape
Have a definite volume

4. Liquids Particles move more freely than solids
More kinetic energy than solids
Take the shape of their
container
Have a definite volume

5. Gases Have a lot of kinetic energy No definite shape
No definite volume

6. Plasma Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma state.
Plasma is a gas consisting of positively and negatively charged particles.
Stars, lightning, fluorescent tubes consist of plasma

7. Section 2: Properties of Fluids
Buoyancy:
The ability of a fluid ~ liquid or gas~ to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.

9. Buoyancy
If the buoyant force is equal to the object’s weight, the object will float.
If the buoyant force is less than the object’s weight, it will sink.

10. Archimedes’ Principal
A buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
                     

11. A Little History...

12. The Greek Mathematician and inventor Archimedes lived during the 3rd century BC. According to history he was in the bath one day when he discovered the principle of buoyancy which is the reason why huge Greek ships weighing thousands of pounds could float on water.

13. He noticed that as he lowered himself into the bath, the water displaced by his body overflowed the sides and he realized that there was a relationship between his weight and the volume of water displaced. It is said that he ran naked into the street yelling "heurEka" which is where we get our word  "eureka!" (I found it), Greek heurEka I have found, from heuriskein to find.

14. Pascal’s Principle
The pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid.
Example: Hydraulic Lifts

16. Pascal's Principle in Action...
                                                                            

17. Bernoulli’s Principle
As the velocity of a fluid increases,
the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
The speed of air over a curved wing moves faster than below the wing. The air has a longer distance, so it must travel faster.

18. Section 16.3
Behavior of Gases

19. Boyle’s Law
If the pressure of a gas is decreased, the volume will increase.

20. Charles’s Law
As temperature of a gas increases, volume increases.