1. Sec & 10.2 Energy Transfer

2. 10.1 Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat
Kinetic Molecular Theory
“Kinetic” = moving
“Molecular” = all matter is made up of atoms & molecules
So, all matter is made up of tiny moving particles.

3. Temperature
is an average measure of how much the particles are moving (= how much kinetic energy they have).
Measured in Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin.

5. Thermal Energy Thermal Energy = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy
(energy of movement) (energy of position)
So, thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in any substance.

6. Heat and Thermal Energy Transfer
Heat = the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from a higher  lower area of thermal energy.

8. Difference between thermal energy, temperature, & heat

9. 10.2 Radiation & Conduction in the Atmosphere
Thermal energy mostly comes from the Sun.
most thermal energy is transferred near the equator
Insolation = amount of solar radiation an area receives
decreases with dust, smoke, pollution,
etc. or if the angle of incidence of the
solar radiation is too great.
Solar radiation does not heat
the atmosphere directly.
Earth’s surface absorbs solar radiation, heats up, then
radiates the thermal energy into the atmosphere.
Convection currents in the air spread the thermal energy around.
Angle of incidence

10. Convection in the Atmosphere
Wind is the movement of air from higher pressure to lower pressure.

11. High pressure systems form when an air mass cools.
usually occurs over cold water or land
Winds blow clockwise
Low pressure systems form when an air mass warms.
usually occurs over warm water or land
winds blow counterclockwise
usually bring wet weather

12. Convection in the Oceans

13. THE GRAND BANKS: The cold Labrador Current mixes with the warm Gulf Stream at the Grand Banks. The mixing of these waters and the shape of the ocean bottom lifts nutrients to the surface. These conditions help create great biodiversity & one of the richest fishing grounds in the world. You can find Atlantic cod, swordfish, haddock , scallop, lobster, many seabirds & sea mammals including seals, dolphins, & whales.