1. Cause vs. Effect Understanding the difference.
Determining the impact on textual meaning.

2. Defining Terminology with Synonyms
Cause
Effect ? ?

3. Signal Words and Phrases
Cause
Effect
For As
Because/Because of
Due to
Hence
Accordingly
As a result of
Consequently
If/Then
Since So
Therefore
Thus

4. Sample Sentences
Because of the torrential downpour, George decided to wear his umbrella hat.
The clever seal didn’t feel like being dinner, so he rode the nose of the Great White to safety.
If Gandalf doesn’t shave his beard, he shall not pass current grooming standards.

5. Cause/Effect Storyboard
Based on the images depicted on the following slide, arrange the plot according to the most logical sequence of events.

6. 1. 2. 3. 4.

7. Visual Storyboard in Written Form
After determining the sequence of events, put the story into words, using the transitional words and phrases to show the cause and effect relationships.
Be concise, keeping the length to FOUR sentences (or less) to clearly convey the cause and effect relationships!

8. Background: The Civil War
What do you know about the Civil War?

9. Reading: “Emancipation” by Russell Freedman
During reading, make sure to NOTE and NOTICE at least FIVE of the Close Reading signposts.
Reference the incident in the text.
Address the questions.
Explain the significance.

10. From the Text: Cause/Effect Relationships?
Delayed the “Emancipation Proclamation”
Led to the “Emancipation Proclamation” ?

11. Exit Question: Quick Write
Considering the text and our own history, what are the consequences of citizens not caring to take part in positive change within their country? (Use specific examples or relatable scenarios to justify your response.)