1. Preview Chapter 20 Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response
Standardized Test Prep
Preview
Multiple Choice
Short Response
Extended Response

2. Chapter 20 Multiple Choice
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
1. A certain tropical tree has a fruit that is eaten by only one species of bats. As the bat digests the fruit, the seeds are made ready to sprout. When the bat excretes the wastes of the fruit, it drops seeds in new locations. Which of the following is the correct term for the relationship between the bat and the tree?
A. predation
B. mutualism
C. competition
D. commensalism

3. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 20
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Multiple Choice, continued
1. A certain tropical tree has a fruit that is eaten by only one species of bats. As the bat digests the fruit, the seeds are made ready to sprout. When the bat excretes the wastes of the fruit, it drops seeds in new locations. Which of the following is the correct term for the relationship between the bat and the tree?
A. predation
B. mutualism
C. competition
D. commensalism

4. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 20
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
2. Which of the following is a parasite?
F. a lion hunting a zebra
G. a deer grazing on grass
H. a tick sucking blood from a dog
J. a snake swallowing a bird’s egg

5. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 20
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Multiple Choice, continued
2. Which of the following is a parasite?
F. a lion hunting a zebra
G. a deer grazing on grass
H. a tick sucking blood from a dog
J. a snake swallowing a bird’s egg

6. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 20
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Multiple Choice, continued
3. Three species of birds forage for insects in the same tree. However, each species tends to forage in different parts of the tree. This pattern of foraging is best explained as an adaptation to which of the following relationships?
A. predation
B. mutualism
C. competition
D. commensalism

7. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 20
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Multiple Choice, continued
3. Three species of birds forage for insects in the same tree. However, each species tends to forage in different parts of the tree. This pattern of foraging is best explained as an adaptation to which of the following relationships?
A. predation
B. mutualism
C. competition
D. commensalism

8. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 20
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Multiple Choice, continued
Use the map below to answer question 4. The map shows two islands.

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4. What can you infer about the number of species on each of these islands?
F. Island A has more species.
G. Island B has more species.
H. Island A and Island B will have the same number of species.
J. Both islands will have fewer species than islands that are located farther north.

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4. What can you infer about the number of species on each of these islands?
F. Island A has more species.
G. Island B has more species.
H. Island A and Island B will have the same number of species.
J. Both islands will have fewer species than islands that are located farther north.

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Multiple Choice, continued
Complete the following analogy:
5. predator : prey :: herbivore :
A. carnivore
B. plant
C. parasite
D. predation

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Chapter 20
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Multiple Choice, continued
Complete the following analogy:
5. predator : prey :: herbivore :
A. carnivore
B. plant
C. parasite
D. predation

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Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graph below to answer question 6. The shading in the graph indicates the frequency with which a certain bird species obtains prey, by prey size and location.

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6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph?
F. Most often, the bird eats insects.
G. Most often, the bird nests above ground.
H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level.
J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long.

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6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph?
F. Most often, the bird eats insects.
G. Most often, the bird nests above ground.
H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level.
J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long.

16. Chapter 20 Short Response
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Short Response
Some plants produce chemicals that are irritating or poisonous to some animals.
Explain the role of these adaptations in an ecological community.

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Some plants produce chemicals that are irritating or poisonous to some animals.
Explain the role of these adaptations in an ecological community.
Answer: Secondary compounds are defensive chemicals synthesized by plants to prevent plants from being eaten. Strychnine and nicotine are two examples.

18. Chapter 20 Extended Response
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Extended Response
Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below.
The gradual, sequential change in species in an area is called ecological succession.
Part A Describe the stages of primary succession.
Part B Compare primary succession and secondary succession.

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Answer:
Part A Primary succession starts with the exposure of bare land. Lichens colonize the rock. Decaying lichens as well as minerals from the rock lead to soil formation. Soil leads to colonization by pioneer species, such as moss and weeds. Large plants, such as shrubs and trees, replace pioneer species. Various trees become dominant, and succession ends with a mature forest.
Part B Primary succession occurs when bare rock is exposed by geological events, such as island formation or glacier retreat. Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance clears away an existing community, but the soil remains intact.