1. Industry vs. Cotton (North vs. South)
Ch. 5 Sec. 2 & 3

2. Transportation Revolution
The National Road – nation’s first highway
Stretched from Maryland to Illinois
Railroad travel
Faster than stagecoaches or wagons
Unlike steamboats, trains could go any where track was laid
Expanded trade
Settled the west

3. Water Transportation
Erie Canal – created in New York to connect the Great lakes to the Atlantic Ocean
Great for trade & opened a fast route to the west
Steamboat
Made river travel more reliable and upstream travel easier
Faster, more efficient, and cheaper way to move goods

4. Progress First Industrial Revolution
From hand tools to large, complex machines
From skilled artisans to unskilled assembly line workers
Eli Whitney = interchangeable parts
From home-based workshops to factories housing hundreds of workers
From selling goods locally to selling goods nationwide

5. North Industrial economy based on manufacturing goods
No slave labor- employed immigrants in the factories
Textile Mills- Francis C. Lowell
Mass production of cotton cloth and other assembled goods
Northeast towns became large cities
Searching for factory jobs and higher wages

6. North Negative effects of growth-
Crime, overcrowding, sanitation
Agriculture remained the leading economic activity
Women- factory workers and domestic servants
African-Americans- shipping industry and a small group of artisans

7. Southern Agriculture Tobacco- MD, VA, KY Rice- SC and GA
Sugarcane- LA and TX
Cotton- SC, GA, AL, MS, TX
,000 bales annually
million bales
million bales- $192 million

8. Cotton is King! 1793 – Eli Whitney builds the cotton gin
Quickly and efficiently combed the seeds out of cotton bolls
Cotton now dominated the region because textile mills were expanding quickly
By 1860 southern grown cotton accounted for nearly 2/3 of the total export trade of the United States
Demand for slave labor grows
Foreign slave trade ended in 1808
Those born into slavery grows to 4 million people by 1850

9. Slavery Task system – small farms Gang system – large plantations
Workers given a specific set of jobs
When those jobs were finished the rest of the day was on their own
Gang system – large plantations
Workers organized into work gangs that labored from sunup to sundown
Driver – director of the gang system
Chosen for loyalty or willingness to cooperate
Ensure that workers continued to work all day

10. Slave Codes
The Slave Codes were laws that forbid enslaved men and women from…
Owning property
Leaving the slaveholder’s premises w/o permission
Owning of firearms
Testifying in court against a white person
Learning to read and write
They were viewed as property and were treated that way

11. South
Opposed high tariffs because the South imported much of its manufactured products
Favored weak national government
Scared a strong government might end slavery
Plantation System
Yeomen farmers- ordinary farmers who made up the majority of the southern white population
Alabama became a state in 1819!

12. Coping with Slavery Language, Music, and Religion Rebellions
1800- Gabriel Prosser
1822- Denmark Vessey
1831- Nat Turner
Frederick Douglas
Slave who escaped, learned to read, became a spokesman for anti-slavery movement

13. Balance of Slave/Free States
Kentucky/Vermont entered the Union as slave and free states
Politicians tried to preserve the balance
Since population was higher in the north these states held the majority in the House 105 to 81
In 1819 there was 11 free states and 11 slave states

14. Missouri Compromise
1819 – Missouri applied to become a state (wanted to be a slave state)
If accepted it would disrupt the balance of power between free states & slave states in Congress
James Tallmadge- NY
Proposes amendment
1. prohibiting further slaves into Missouri
2. requires the children of slaves to be emancipated at age 25
Defeated in the Senate by enraged Southerners

15. James Tallmadge

16. Missouri Compromise Henry Clay
Proposed a compromise of three separate bills
1. Missouri would be a slaveholding state
2. Maine was to be admitted as a free state
3. The rest of the Louisiana Territory north of 36° 30’, slavery was prohibited

17. Henry Clay

18. Aftermath The Era of Good Feelings badly damaged by sectional tensions
Preserved balance of slave/free states until our country could mature
Nation was torn between loyalty to the Union and loyalty toward their regional interest

20. The Election of 1824 4 candidates- “Favorite Sons”
Henry Clay of Kentucky
William Crawford of Georgia
Andrew Jackson of Tennessee
John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts
Andrew Jackson wins popular vote but not enough electoral votes to win election

21. The Corrupt Bargain
Constitutional procedure called for a runoff in the House
Clay who was fourth, as Speaker of the House put his support behind Adams.
Adams later appointed Clay as Secretary of State and Jackson accused the men of striking a “corrupt bargain”

22. Presidents 1824 – John Quincy Adams elected president
Political Party – National Republicans