1. A Divided Nation
Chapter 15

2. Events leading to the Civil War
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Dred Scott decision
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
Election of 1860
Regional differences: Slavery
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Election of 1852

3. Regional Differences: Slavery
Problems with the Missouri Compromise: -U.S. gained large amounts of territory after the Mexican-American War. -President Polk wanted to extend the 36*30’ line to the west coast, but many people disagreed with the idea of dividing the Mexican Cession in 2 parts.

5. -The idea that political authority belongs to the people.
Popular sovereignty
-The idea that political authority belongs to the people.
-Some believed that the people of a state/territory should be able to decide on banning or allowing slavery.
Sectionalism
-Favoring the interests of one section or region over the interests of the entire country.

6. In your opinion, Do you think popular sovereignty is a good idea? Why?
What are some potential problems that could arise due to popular sovereignty?

7. Compromise of 1850
-Henry Clay came up with this compromise. -The main points of the compromise: 1) California = FREE state 2) The Mexican Cession would be federal land and popular sovereignty would decide on slavery 3) Texas would give up land east of the upper Rio Grande. In return, the government would pay Texas’s debts. 4) The slave trade (not slavery) would end in the nation’s capital. 5) A more effective fugitive slave law would be passed.

8. Compromise of 1850

9. Fugitive Slave Act -Details of the Fugitive Slave Act:
It made it a crime to help runaway slaves (6 months in prison/$1,000 fine) and allowed officials to arrest those slaves in free areas.
-Reactions to the Fugitive Slave Act:
Enforcement of this law began immediately.
Thousands of African Americans who lived in the North fled to Canada in fear.
This act upset northerners disliked the idea of a trial without a jury.

10. Look at the news article from three different perspectives:
Write-Pair-Share
Look at the news article from three different perspectives:
How would an abolitionist view this document?
How would a slave holder view this document?
How would a fugitive slave view this document?

11. Fugitive Slave Act Enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act
Gathering to hear speakers talk AGAINST the Fugitive Slave Act

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
-Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
-The novel electrified the nation, sparked outrage in the South, and increased abolitionist support.

13. Election of 1852 -Democrat Candidate: Franklin Pierce -Whig Candidate:
Winfield Scott
-Franklin Pierce promised to honor :
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
-Franklin Pierce won the election.

14. Think-Pair-Share
After viewing the map, how does the expansion of the United States contribute to the Civil War?

15. Kansas-Nebraska Act
-The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a plan that would divide the remainder of the LA Purchase into 2 territories – Kansas and Nebraska – and allow the people in each territory to decide on the question of slavery (popular sovereignty). This act eliminated the Missouri Compromise’s restrictions on slavery.

17. -As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act antislavery and pro-slavery forces rushed supporters to Kansas to vote either for or against slavery.
-This led to the formation of two governments in Kansas.
-“Bleeding Kansas”:
There were two opposing governments and an angry and armed population in Kansas.
Civil war broke out in Kansas and over 200 people were killed.

18. Pro-slavery forces attacked the anti-slavery government in Lawrence.
Abolitionist John Brown retaliated by attacking and killing 5 pro-slavery men.

19. “Tragic Prelude”

20. The Caning of Charles Sumner
-In Congress in 1856, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner criticized Southerners for proslavery fighting in Kansas. The next day, South Carolina Representative Preston Brooks physically attacked and caned Sumner on the floor of the Senate.
-Sumner was unconscious and unable to return to Congress for THREE years!!
-Brooks only had to pay a $300 fine and was reelected to Congress by the people of South Carolina!

21. The Brutal Attack on Charles Sumner
Preston Brooks
Charles Sumner

22. Dred Scott Decision
-Dred Scott was an enslaved man who lived for years in free territories. He sued for his freedom after his slaveholder died.
-African Americans, free or slave, were not considered citizens of the US, therefore they had no right to sue in a federal court.
-This was a PRO-SLAVERY decision.
-They said that African Americans were not included in the Constitution’s definition of citizens.
-The court also stated that Congress could NOT outlaw slavery in the territories.

23. Dred Scott Why does this case matter? -Increased sectional tensions
-Overturned the Missouri Compromise
-Increased the chance of the spread of slavery
-Declared that African Americans were not citizens.

24. Think-Pair-Share
How do you believe many Northern abolitionists responded to the Dred Scott decision? Why?

25. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
-Abraham Lincoln: Republican
-Stephen Douglas: Democrat
Republican Party:
A political party formed in the 1850s to stop the spread of slavery in the West.
-They running for the off of U.S. Senate (Illinois)
-The central issue of the campaign was the spread of slavery in the West.
-Lincoln felt that African Americans were entitled to all the natural rights listed in the Declaration of Independence.

26. Raid on Harper’s Ferry
-It was an incident in which abolitionist John Brown and 21 other men captured a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in hopes of starting a slave rebellion.
-Some of Brown’s men were killed, some local white southerners were killed, and Brown and his men were captured.
-Brown was tried and executed for treason, which caused many Northerners to mourn his death.
-Many southerners felt scared and began talking about leaving the Union.

27. Election of 1860 -Candidates: Republican Party: Abraham Lincoln
Northern Democrats: Stephen Douglas
Southern Democrat: John Breckinridge
Constitutional Union: John Bell

28. Election of 1860 Who won the election? Abraham Lincoln
What did this election mean for the South?
Southerners were angered! Lincoln did not carry any southern states and was still elected President.
The election signaled that the South was losing its national political power.

30. Lincoln’s Inaugural Speech
“Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that by the accession of a Republican Administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehension.”… “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” THINK-PAIR-SHARE: After Lincoln clearly stated this multiple times, why would the Southerners STILL not want him to be President of the United States?

31. The South Secedes
-Lincoln insisted that he would not change slavery in the South, but he said that slavery could not expand and would eventually die out completely. This made Southerners angry. -People in the South believed their economy and way of life would be destroyed without slave labor. Within a week of Lincoln’s election, South Carolina’s legislature called for a special convention. - The delegates considered secession, or formally withdrawing from the Union. Southern secessionists believed that they had a right to leave the Union because each of the original states had voluntarily joined the Union and could leave by the same process of holding a special convention.

32. -South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded to form the Confederate States of America, also called the Confederacy. Its new constitution guaranteed citizens the right to own slaves. -Jefferson Davis from Mississippi was elected as president of the Confederacy. - President Lincoln was inaugurated March 4, He believed that U.S. citizens had the power to change their government through majority consent, but opposed the idea that the southern states could leave the Union because they were unhappy with the government’s position on slavery.

33. Confederate States of America

34. -Lincoln announced in his inaugural address that:
He would keep all government property in the seceding states.
Tried to convince the South that his government would not provoke war.
He hoped that Southern states would eventually return to the Union.