1. WHI Observational Study: Cardiovascular death in women with hypertension but no history of CVD on monotherapy
CVD death
Diuretic, HR
(95% CI)
ACE inhibitor, HR
Beta blocker, HR
Calcium channel blocker, HR p
Fully adjusted*
1.00
0.97
( )
0.83
( )
1.55
( )
0.04
*Adjusted for age and race/ethnicity, plus smoking, high cholesterol levels requiring medication, body mass index, physical activity, use of hormone therapy, and diabetes
Wassertheil-Smoller S et al. JAMA 2004; 292:

2. WHI Observational Study: Cardiovascular death in women with hypertension but no history of CVD by antihypertensive combination therapy
CVD death
Beta blocker plus diuretic, HR (95% CI)
ACE inhibitor plus diuretic, HR (95% CI)
Diuretic plus calcium channel blocker, HR
(95% CI)
ACE inhibitor plus calcium channel blocker, HR (95% CI) p
Fully adjusted
1.00
0.87
( )
1.85
( )
1.14
( )
0.05
Women without diabetes
0.65
( )
2.16
( )
0.64
( )
0.002
Women without diabetes and baseline SBP <140 mm Hg
0.79
( )
2.53
( )
0.62
( )
0.06
Wassertheil-Smoller S et al. JAMA 2004; 292: