1. Accretion of Non-functioning GEO Spacecraft;
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion
Rob Holland
Accretion of Non-functioning GEO Spacecraft
Rob Holland

2. Situation Kessler Syndrome Debris cascade COSMIC SYNERGY ;
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Situation
Kessler Syndrome
Debris cascade

3. Threats Abound COSMIC SYNERGY ; Exhausted Upper Stages
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Threats Abound
Exhausted Upper Stages
Old 2-axis Stabilized Sats
Zombie Satellites Galaxy 15

4. 152 Active~150 InactiveGEO Satellites
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Decommissioned Assets
Previously Operating
Designated as inactive
In disposal orbit
Structure intact
Non-Functioning
152 Active~150 InactiveGEO Satellites

5. Obstacles/Limitations
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Obstacles/Limitations
1967 OST Language
Weaponization Fears
Communication Interference
ITU Filings

6. Starting Accretion Frame
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Non-Functioning Spacecraft Accretion
Accretion Frame
Capture Tug
S/C-Tower Mount
Starting Accretion Frame

7. Accretion Frame Frame Dual S/C Buses Electric Propulsion Sys
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Accretion Frame
Frame
Expandable in Combination w/ Tug launches
4 storage spots per segment
Dual S/C Buses
~ 5 kW each, ~ 10 kW total
Electric Propulsion Sys
~9 kW total
Stationkeeping
EOL orbit change

8. Capture Tug S/C Bus EP System Robotic Arm COSMIC SYNERGY ;
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Capture Tug
S/C Bus
EP System
Robotic Arm

9. S/C-Truss Mount S/C-Mount System / probe & drogue NASA-derived PDGF
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
S/C-Truss Mount
S/C-Mount System / probe & drogue
NASA-derived PDGF
Mount-Truss Structural Connector
From ViviSat
PDGF
Structure Mount
ViviSat Probe from

10. ConOps COSMIC SYNERGY ;
GEO Debris Accretion
Rob Holland
ConOps
Accretion Frame at natural stable points (1,2) to attach large debris
Decommissioned Sats naturally drift toward Accretion Frame
Tug rendezvous with approaching objects
Captures targets, returns to Accretion Frame, exchanges captured object for empty S/C-Truss Mount
Repeat
Option to go into disposal belt (+300 km) for additional objects
75.3° 2 1
255.3°

11. Accretion & EOL Slow descending to enter lower orbit
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Accretion & EOL
Slow descending to enter lower orbit
Intent to enter a high LEO orbit more accessible to eventual salvaging (above most traffic)

12. Intergovernmental Non-Profit
Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Business Strategy
Intergovernmental Non-Profit
Founders
Intelsat
Goal: Protect currently operating spacecraft
Future Study
Business Case/Legal Hurdles
Decommissioned Satellite/Target Catalog/Characterization
Competing/Derivative Alternatives
System Development (Accretion Frame, Tug, Mount)

13. Back-Ups COSMIC SYNERGY ; GEO Debris Accretion Rob Holland
Back-Ups

14. Rationale COSMIC SYNERGY ; Intergovernmental NonProfit
GEO Debris Accretion
Rob Holland
Rationale
Intergovernmental NonProfit
Government's currently challenged by Treaty & International Law
Perception of weaponizing space
Private entity works in cooperation with international satellite insurance companies to reduce risk to spacecraft
Service to avoid court case/liability for non-functioning spacecraft damaging functional systems
Works with US & European governments initially to establish operations
Russia, India, China, etc as able/interested
Built on IntelSat & InMarSat models
Challenges
- Treaty Liability Clause has never resulted in payout
- Proximity operations near "non-functioning" spacecraft that are otherwise
- Nonclassified business operations potential to encounter National Systems
- Debris Mitigation has to be done with an eye towards complete transparency to work or system viewed as a weapon!

15. Initial Concept COSMIC SYNERGY ; GEO Clean Up Platform
GEO Debris Accretion
Rob Holland
Initial Concept
GEO Clean Up Platform
Drift above/below GEO to targets
Rendezvous with & capture non-functional large debris
Tug debris to near-GEO collection orbit
Collection orbit body consist of debris anchored together to form single large structure
Includes basic transponder
Aggregated debris saved for later re-use/salvage
Anchor Station
Basic structure, transponder, etc to which debris attached
Business case based on early Government-Conglomerates for SATCOM

16. Hardware ISS Experiment Dextre - ISS Robotic Manipulator;
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion
Rob Holland
Hardware
ISS Experiment
Dextre - ISS Robotic Manipulator
702 Platform (Electric vs Cold-Gas)?
Options:
Refuelable?
Servicing of active SVs?

17. Iridium 33 - Cosmos Collision;
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion
Rob Holland
Iridium 33 - Cosmos Collision

18. Blank Template COSMIC SYNERGY ; GEO Debris Accretion Rob Holland
COSMIC SYNERGY
GEO Debris Accretion ;
Blank Template