1. Energy Transfer
22-1

2. Energy
Organisms need energy for essential functions: growth, movement, maintenance, repair, and reproduction.

3. Energy
The amount of energy an ecosystem receives and the amount that is transferred from one organism to another affects the structure and stability of an organism.

4. Pathway
The sun is the ultimate source of energy in many ecosystems. sun  autotrophs  heterotrophs

5. Autotrophs
Producers capture energy and use it to make organic molecules. ~Terrestrial – plants ~Aquatic – protists & bacteria

6. Autotrophs
Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to make organic compounds.

7. Autotrophs
Chemosynthetic organisms use energy from inorganic molecules to produce carbohydrates.

8. Autotrophs
Gross primary production is the rate at which producers capture energy.

10. Production
The sugars produced fuel: cell respiration, maintenance and repair AND make new organic molecules through growth or reproduction.

11. Net Primary Productivity
The rate at which biomass accumulates. energy/area/year kcal/m2/y mass/area/year g/m2/y

12. Net Primary Productivity
NPP = GPP – rate of respiration *the rate of respiration represents the energy used by the organisms themselves

13. Biomass
Organic material. Energy that is available to other organisms (in the form of food) ******10% rule******

15. Net Primary Productivity
The tropical rainforest occupies only 5% of the surface area BUT produces 30% of the Earth’s NPP.

16. Productivity
The NPP of the terrestrial biomes are affected by light, and precip. The NPP of aquatic biomes are limited by available light and nutrients T
Nitrogen Phosphorus

17. All animals, fungi, most protists and many bacteria are consumers.
Heterotrophs
All animals, fungi, most protists and many bacteria are consumers.

18. They get energy by eating other organisms
Heterotrophs
They get energy by eating other organisms

19. Herbivores - consume autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Herbivores - consume autotrophs

20. Carnivores - eat other consumers
Heterotrophs
Carnivores - eat other consumers

21. Omnivores - eat other consumers as well as producers
Heterotrophs
Omnivores - eat other consumers as well as producers

22. Detritovores - consume dead matter
Heterotrophs
Detritovores - consume dead matter

23. Heterotrophs
Decomposers - break down complex molecules into simpler ones; making chemicals available (nutrient recycling)

24. Organisms are grouped based on how they obtain energy
Energy Flow
Organisms are grouped based on how they obtain energy

25. Indicates the position in a sequence of energy transfers
Trophic level
Indicates the position in a sequence of energy transfers

26. Single path of feeding relationships
Food Chain
Single path of feeding relationships

27. Food Web
Feeding relationships in an ecosystem represented by intertwining food chains.