1. UNIT 6: Genetics What are the different patterns of heredity: Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, and Multiple Alleles?
**Not all traits are represented by alleles, in which one allele is completely dominant over the other like in COMPLETE DOMINANCE
- In INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE, an individual shows an intermediate phenotype that is a ‘blending’ of the two parents.

2. Incomplete dominance Examples Straight hair x Curly hair = Wavy hair
Round shape x Long shape = Oval shape
Small nose x Large nose = Medium nose

3. Incomplete Dominance
Snapdragon example: Plants with red flowers are homozygous for red color ( RR)
Plants with white flowers are homozygous for white color ( rr)
A heterozygous flower will be a pink color ( Rr)
* Notice that none of the alleles are recessive but none of them are completely dominant either (hence the name incomplete dominance)

4. Incomplete Dominance
Complete the punnett square below to show the results of crossing a red snapdragon with a white snapdragon.
Key: RR=red
Rr=pink R R
rr=white
RR x rr r r
What is the phenotype of the F1 offspring? 100% Pink Rr

5. Incomplete Dominance
Now, cross two of the F1 generation offspring to determine the F2 generation.
Key:
RR=red
Rr=pink R r
rr=white R r
What is the phenotypic ratio & percentage of the offspring? 25%Red: 50%Pink: 25%white
RR  Rr rr

6. Codominance
In CODOMINANCE, an individual expresses BOTH forms of trait, and NOT in a blended form (like in incomplete dominance). Instead, both alleles are expressed equally
Example
Chickens with black feathers are homozygous for black color ( BB)
Chickens with white feathers are homozygous for white color ( bb)
A heterozygous chicken will be a checkeredcolor
( Bb) (black and white)

7. Codominance
Complete the punnett square below to show the results of crossing a checkered rooster with a white hen.
Key: BB=black B b
Bb=checkered
bb=white b b
What is the phenotypic ratio & percentage of the offspring?
50% checkered: 50%white
Bb  bb Bb

8. Multiple Alleles
Some traits are controlled by genes with 2 or more alleles. These genes are said to have multiple alleles.
** Remember: For each trait, an individual inherits 2 alleles for a trait.
Example of a trait controlled by genes with multiple alleles: BLOOD TYPE
** There are 3 alleles that determine human blood type: A, B, and O
Different combination of these 3 alleles can produce four different blood types:
A B _ __AB___ ___O___

9. Multiple Alleles
** Remember: Even for traits controlled by genes with multiple alleles, an individual can have only 2 of the possible alleles for that gene.
Blood Type
Possible Genotypes  A
AA, AO B
BB, BO AB O OO

10. Multiple Alleles RH Factor-where + and – come in
If you are RH+ you have RH factors on blood cells
If you are RH- you DON’T have the RH factor present
So you can be A+ or A-, B+ or B- etc…
If A+ you can get blood from A+ or A- or O
If A- you can only get blood from A- or O-
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11. Multiple Alleles
Use the information to answer the following questions. Do punnett squares below to prove your answers! Be sure to number your punnett squares according to the # of the question.
PARENTS CHILDREN
The John’s= type O & type AB Baby 1 is type AB
The Klumpp’s = type A & type B Baby 2 is type O
The Templet’s= type A & type O Baby 3 is type B

12. Multiple Alleles 3. Who are the parents of baby 1? The Klumpp’s
PARENTS CHILDREN
The John’s= type O & type AB Baby 1 is type AB
The Klumpp’s = type A & type B Baby 2 is type O
The Templet’s = type A & type O Baby 3 is type B
3. Who are the parents of baby 1? The Klumpp’s
2. Who are the parents of baby 2? The Templet’s
3. Who are the parents of baby 3? The John’s

13. Sex linked traits
A sex-linked trait is a trait that is carried on the X sex chromosome.
Moms can be carriers because they have the sex chromosomes XX.
Write the possible genotypes for Mom and Dad below:
Mom: Dad:
XNXN XNXn XnXn XNY XnY
Normal, Carrier, has the trait Normal, has the trait
Examples of traits which are sex-linked are: color blindness, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy