1. A muscle must depend on other muscles to assist in a desired movement
A muscle must depend on other muscles to assist in a desired movement. For this reason muscles are called prime movers, antagonists and synergysts.

2. Primer Movers Muscles that actively produce a movement

3. Antagonist Muscles that are in opposition to the prime movers

4. Synergist Muscles that contract simultaneously with the prime mover to help execute a movement or steady a part

5. The names of muscles are based on six points of identification
The names of muscles are based on six points of identification * named for their action * named for their origin and insertion * named for their location * named for their shape or use * named for the direction of their fibers * named according to the number of their sections

6. Adjectives

7. Azygous : not paired

8. Bi, Tri, Quadri : two, three, four

10. Externus : external or outer

11. Gracilis : slender

12. Latissimus : wide

13. Longissimus, longus : long

14. Medius : intermediate

15. Orbicularis : surrounding

16. Quadratus : square

17. Rectus : straight

18. Rhomboideus : diamond shaped

19. Scalenus : unequally three sided

20. Serratus : sawtoothed

21. Teres : round or cylindrical

22. Transversus : crosswise

23. Vastus : great

24. Facial muscles There are many facial muscles that produce a variety of movement.

25. Orbicularis oculi

26. masseter

27. Muscles of the neck, back and thorax
Muscles of the neck, back and thorax. These muscles assist in rotation of the head, flexion and extention of the head on the neck, breathing and attachment of the forelimbs to the body

28. Serratus muscle group

29. Pectoral muscle group

30. Latissimus dorsi broadest muscle in the back, supports forelimb and flexes shoulders

31. The important muscles of the dorsum include the epaxial group: iliocostalis longissimus transversosspinalis

32. These muscles extend the vertebral column and produce lateral movement of the trunk

34. Transversospinalis

35. Three important muscles of the thorax are. external intercostals
Three important muscles of the thorax are *external intercostals *internal intercostals *diaphragm

39. During respiration: the external intercostals lift the ribs the internal intercostals lower the ribs the diaphragm contracts and flattens out causing the thorax to enlarge and the lungs to expand

41. Muscles of the forelimbs in addition to the back and upper thorax the muscles of the upper forelimbs contribute to the movement of the distal extremities. Included are triceps brachii and biceps brachii

42. tricep
                                                                                                                        

43. Biceps brachii
                                                                                                                        

44. Abdominal muscles: external oblique internal oblique rectus abdominis transversus abdominis these muscles keep the organs in place, support and compress the abdomen, contract during parturition, defecation, urination and coughing

45. These muscles also assist in rotating the vertebral column
These muscles also assist in rotating the vertebral column. The linea alba is a fibrous band that runs the length of the center of the abdomen and is the central attachment of the abdominal muscles. This is a very important landmark for any abdominal surgery

46.                                                                                                                         
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique

48. Linea alba

49. Muscles of the hindlimb These muscles have several functions in movement. The most important muscle groups include *gluteal group *quadricep group *semi group

50. gluteal
Major muscles over pelvis, extends and abducts limb

51. Quadriceps femoris flex and extend the leg

52. Semi group descends the posterior hind leg and form the “hamstrings”
Semi group descends the posterior hind leg and form the “hamstrings”. These muscles flex the distal extremity

53.                                                                                                         
Gastrocnemius: flexes the leg and foot, the tendon at the insertion is commonly called the achilles tendon

56. Miscellaneous muscles: arrector pili These are smooth muscles attached to hair on the dorsum. When stimulated these muscles raise the hair on the back.

58. Cutaneous trunci: a muscle that attaches to the dermis and controls the insect twich in large animals Another large animal muscle is the cremaster, this muscle is part of the spermatic cord and attaches to the scrotum. This muscle contracts and relaxes, raising and lowering the testicles. This movement helps to regulate testicular temperature