1. Ocean Currents and Waves

2. #9 Notes and Handouts
Foldable:

3. Classwork #3 Current Demo

4. #10 Notes and Handouts
Foldable

5. Equatorial Countercurrent

6. Southern Hemisphere Antartic Circumpolar Current
(a.k.a. West Wind Drift) = Largest current
Monsoons

7. North Atlantic Gulf Stream-def. North Atlantic Current Splits into…
1. Norway Current
2. Canary Current
Labrador Current

8. On Back- N. Atlantic
North Atlantic Gyre
Sargasso Sea
Sargassum

9. North Pacific Kurshio Current North Pacific Drift California Drift
The “Gulf Stream” for Pacific Ocean
North Pacific Drift
California Drift

10. #11 Notes and Handouts
Foldable

11. Antarctic Bottom Water
Densest and Coldest Ocean Water:
Extremely Cold (-2° C)
High Salinity
Moves N-ward along the bottom to ~40°N
Takes 100’s of years to make the trip

12. North Atlantic Deep Water
Moves Southward under the Gulf Stream
Deep Currents near Mediterranean Sea
High Salinity in Mediterranean Sea caused by
high evaporation and low precipitation
ON BACK: Turbidity Currents
-Strong current cause by underwater landslide

13. Ch 21 Sec 2 Ocean Waves

14. #12 Notes and Handouts
Foldable

15. Wave Parts

16. On Back- Definitions Wave –
A periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid or gas as E is transmitted through a medium
Wave period –
Time for two consecutive wave crests to pass a given point
Frequency –
# of wavelengths that pass in 1 second
Wave speed
Wave speed = Wavelength/Wave Period

17. Ocean Motion

18. # 13 Notes and Handouts
Foldable

19. Inside the Foldable- 3 Factors that affect wave size-
Speed of Wind
Length of Time Wind Blows
Fetch- the distance that wind can blow across open water
Increase factor  Increase Wave Size

20. Small- (Back of Flap) Ripples
Caused by friction between moving air and water

21. Large- (Back of Flap) Form as a ripple
Receive more Energy (E) from the Wind
Higher Speed  Larger E transmit.  Larger Wave
↑ Time blowing  Larger E transmit.  Larger Wave
↑ Fetch  Larger E transmit.  Larger Wave

22. On Back Swell – White Caps – DEFINE:
Group of long, rolling waves that are of similar size; move in groups in which one wave follows another
White Caps –
Form when wind blows the crest off of waves; reflect the sun and allow less radiation to reach the ocean

23. #14 Notes and Handout
Foldable

24. Breakers A foamy mass of water that washes onto the coastline.
Formed when top of the waves topples over.
Height = 1 to 2x larger than original wave
Scrape sediments off floor and move along coastline.
Erode rocky coastlines.

25. Refraction
Process by which ocean waves bend toward the coastline as they approach shallow water.
Point in shallow – slow
Point in deep – fast

26. Undertows vs. Rip Currents
an irregular current formed when breaking waves get pulled back into deep water by gravity.
Rip Currents –
form when water from large breakers return to ocean through channels cut through underwater sandbars.

27. Longshore Current
Form when waves approach the beach at angle. Flow parallel to shore.
Makes sandbars.
Sandbars –
Low ridges of sand

28. On Back
Tsunami
Aka “Tidal Wave” but it is NOT caused by tides

29. #15 Notes and Handouts Foldable

30. On Back Tide – Tidal Range –
periodic rise and fall of water level in ocean due to gravitational pull of moon on earth.
Tidal Range –
diff in levels of ocean high and low tide.

31. High When water level at highest.
Ocean on side of Earth nearest moon bulges as does the opposite side

32. Low
Lowest when water leaves.
Form halfway between 2 high tides.

33. Spring
Higher high tides and lower low tides during a new moon or a full moon
Moon, Sun, and earth line up
High Tidal Range

34. Neap
Lower high tides and higher low tides during the 1st and 3rd qtr phases of moon when S E and M.
Low Tide Range

35. #16 Notes and Handouts
Foldable

36. On Back Tidal Oscillations –
slow, rocking motions of ocean water formed as the tidal bulges move around ocean basins.

37. Little Effect
Straight Coastlines

38. Greater Effect Enclosed seas Small basins and narrow bays
Reduces effects of tidal bulges
Small tidal range
Small basins and narrow bays
Increase effects of tidal bulges
Large tidal range

39. #17 Notes and Handouts
Foldable

40. On Back Tidal Current – Tidal Bore –
Movement of water towards or away from the coast.
Tidal Bore –
A surge of water that rushes upstream

41. Flood Tide
When the tidal current flows towards the coast.

42. Slack Water
The time between flood tide and ebb tide, where there are no tidal currents.

43. Ebb Tide When the tide flows towards the ocean.