1. Exploration on the World
The Impact of European
Exploration on the World

2. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Hernando Cortes
Montezuma II

3. The Death of Montezuma II

4. Mexico Surrenders to Cortes

5. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

6. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

7. The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough

8. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Official European Colony!
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers

9. Treasures from the Americas!

10. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

11. The Slave Trade Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans.
Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries.
Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

12. Slave Ship
“Middle Passage”

13. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

14. African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

15. European Empires in the Americas

16. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

17. Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World
Encomienda or forced labor.
Council of the Indies.
Viceroy.
New Spain and Peru.
Papal agreement.

18. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission

19. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

20. New Colonial Rivals
Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.
Spain in Asia  consolidated its holdings in the Philippines.
First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.
Surat in NW India in 1608.
Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

21. New Colonial Rivals

22. Impact of European Expansion
Native populations ravaged by disease.
Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”]
New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].
Deepened colonial rivalries.

23. 5. New Patterns of World Trade